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Participation in RHIC experiments Krzysztof
Wozniak The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of
Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Kraków
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RHIC
PHOBOS
BRAHMS pp2pp
BRAHMS pp2pp
PHENIX
STAR
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RHIC

• Physics goals
• creation of extreme energy density in the
  collisions of heavy nuclei
• search for signals of a transition to a new
  state of matter QGP
• study of the properties of QGP
• spin physics study of collisions of polarized
  protons

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RHIC runs

• Physic runs 2000-2005
• AuAu at vsNN 19.6 GeV to 200 GeV
• dAu at vsNN 200 GeV
• pp at vs 200 GeV
• CuCu at vsNN 200 GeV

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RHIC main discoveries

• attenuation of high pt particles and jets
• collective phenomena (elliptic flow)
• approach to chemical equilibrium
• scaling laws
• New type of strongly interacting matter

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PHENIX
Unique features in addition to measuring
precisely global characteristics designed to
study direct photons, electrons, charm and bottom
production no Polish participation
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STAR
Unique features precise measurement of global
characteristics full azimuthal coverage for
?lt1.5 Warsaw University of Technology
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STAR jet suppression
In central AuAu collisions jets opposite side
partner is missing, while it is present in pp
and dAu collisions jet absorption in dense matter
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STAR elliptic flow
At RHIC energy elliptic flow reaches the limit
set by hydrodynamical models evidence of strong
interactions between constituents of the medium
dN/d(f -fR ) N0 (1 2V1 cos(f-fR) 2V2
cos(2(f-fR)) ... )
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STAR Polish participation

• Institution Warsaw University of Technology
  
• (group leader prof. Jan Pluta)
• Participants 1 (prof) 3 (PhD)
• 3 (PhD students) 4 (students)
• Responsibility involved in construction of
  Silicon Strip Detector, analysis of data (HBT
  correlations), software work, data taking
• Financial support 2000-2004
• external grant (from STAR) 10 k/year
• internal 30 kPLN/year

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BRAHMS
Unique feature two rotable spectrometer arms
covering angles from 90o down to
2.3o Jagiellonian University
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BRAHMS high pt suppression
In central AuAu collisions particles with high
pt are suppressed while in dAu collisions their
production is enhanced (Cronin effect) high pt
partons interact with the medium
Nuclear modification factor RAA 1/Ncoll
(d2NAA/dptdy)/(d2Npp/dptdy)
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Brahms net baryons
The number of net-protons in AuAu collision is
decreasing with collision energy. We are
approaching barion free regime.
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BRAHMS Polish participation
Polish contribution to detector construction
drift chambers built at Jagiellonian University,
Kraków
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BRAHMS Polish participation

• Institutions Jagiellonian University, Kraków
• (group leader prof. Zbigniew
  Majka)
• (1 person from INP PAN,
  Kraków)
• Participants 3 (prof., dr hab.) 2 (PhD)
• 1 (PhD student) 2 (technicians)
• Responsibility drift chamber maintenance,
  analysis of data, data taking
• Financial support 2000-2004
• external grant (KBN) 80 kPLN
• internal 70 kPLN

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PHOBOS
Unique features largest pseudorapididty coverage
? lt 5.4 two spectrometer arms measuring charged
particles with lowest pt (down to 30
MeV/c) Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN Kraków
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PHOBOS dN/d?
PRL 91, 052303 (2003)
Large acceptance in ? allows study of extended
longitudinal scaling
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PHOBOS elliptic flow
(0-40 central AuAu data)
PRL 89, 222301 (2002)
dN/d(f -fR ) N0 (1 2V1 cos(f-fR) 2V2
cos(2(f-fR)) ... )
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PHOBOS low pt
continuous pt dependence no low pt enhancement
expected for a weakly interacting
system observation consistent with a stong radial
flow
Phys. Rev. C70, 051901(R) (2004)
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PHOBOS Polish participation

• In Poland were designed and built
• all support structures for silicon detectors
• the detector cooling system

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PHOBOS Polish participation

• Institution Institute of Nuclear Physics,
  Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków (group leader
  prof. Barbara Wosiek)
• Participants 2 (prof.) 4 (PhD) 1 (PhD
  student)
• Responsibility cooling system, Monte Carlo
  simulations, analysis of data, data taking
• Financial support 2000-2004
• external grants (KBN) 220 kPLN
• internal 20 kPLN/year

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pp2pp experiment
Spin dependence of proton-proton elastic
scattering determination of b nuclear slope
parameter http//www.rhic.bnl.gov/pp2pp/ for pp
known up to vs 1.8 TeV for pp known up to vs
63 GeV
new point for pp vs 200 GeV
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pp2pp experiment Polish participation

• Institutions
  Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Kraków,
  Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warszawa
  (group leader dr hab. Andrzej Sandacz)
• Participants 1 (dr hab.) 2 (PhD)
• Responsibility
  software, analysis of the data, data taking
• Financial support
• external grant (PAN) 6 kPLN

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Polish participation
All collaboration members Physicists from Polish institutions
PHENIX 340 0
STAR 360 11
BRAHMS 50 6
PHOBOS 60 6
pp2pp 30 3
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RHIC finances
Construction costs Polish contribution Yearly operation costs Yearly support Publications
RHIC 1000 M - 110 M - -
STAR 50 M 200 k 6 M 20 k 40
BRAHMS 6.5 M 50 k 1 M 10 k 11
PHOBOS 8 M 1 M 1 M 20 k 21
pp2pp 0.5 M - - 1 k 2
in addition to salaries of physicists and
technicians costs of materials only
estimated value in US prices
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Future

• the data already collected will be analyzed in
  several next years
• RHIC will collide nuclei in next few years, but
  small experiments (BRAHMS, PHOBOS) may be closed
  earlier
• the future is LHC heavy ion groups are already
  involved in ALICE and ATLAS experiments

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References
Current publication lists of all experiments can
be found on WWW starting from
http//www.bnl.gov/rhic
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RHIC run dates

• Physic runs 2000-2005
• 2000 AuAu at vsNN 56 GeV and 130 GeV
• 2001 AuAu at vsNN 200 GeV and 19.6 GeV
• 2003 dAu at vsNN 200 GeV
• 2004 AuAu at vsNN 200 GeV and 63 GeV
  
• 2005 CuCu at vsNN 200 GeV
• 2001/2, 2003 and 2004 pp at vs 200 GeV

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PHOBOS dN/d? at ?0
Charged particle density per pair of nucleons
participating in AuAu collision is similar to
that in ee- interaction
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PHOBOS dN/d? at ?0
Collision centrality dependence of charged
particle density per pair of participating
nucleons can be described by Saturation Model
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PHOBOS particle ratios
Anti-particle to particle ratios are approaching
unity when energy increases. Indication of
chemical equlibrium.
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BRAHMS high pt and high ?
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Brahms particle ratios
In central region (y0) the ratio of the number
of anti-particles to particles is approaching
unity. approximate chemical equilibrium