Individual and Group Behaviour in Organizations

1
Individual and Group Behaviour in Organizations

• Welcome to MGT 262!
• January 8, 2007
• Professor Stéphane Côté

2
Agenda

• What is Organizational Behaviour?
• Informational survey
• Organizational Behaviour Exercise
• Syllabus

3
What is Organizational Behavior?

• Scientific Management (Taylor)
• The use of research to determine the optimal
  degree of specialization and standardization for
  a job.
• What can we do to get workers to do more in less
  time?
• Early 1900s
• Rapid industrialization increased work done in
  factories

4
What is Organizational Behavior?
124
116
Percentage of Standard Output
108
100
added two breaks
made breaks longer
added four breaks
back to two breaks, with hot meal
ended the day at 430 instead of 500
all improvements taken away
Standard work conditions (48 hrs/week Mon-Sat,
9-5, no breaks)
5
What is Organizational Behavior?

• Question Why did performance increase even when
  all improvements were taken away?
• Answer Workers responded favourably to the
  special attention that they received.
• The study demonstrates importance of
  psychological factors at work.

6
What is Organizational Behavior?

• Human Relations Movement
• The adoption of management styles that are
  participative and oriented toward the needs of
  employees.
• What social and psychological factors influence
  the behaviour of workers?
• Based on studies on the effects of interventions
  on performance conducted at the Hawthorne Plants
  of the Western Electric Company (Chicago, 1927)

7
What is Organizational Behavior?

• Organizational behaviour (OB) is the field of
  behavioural science that seeks knowledge of how
  individuals act, think, and feel in organizations
  by studying individual and group processes.

8
What is Organizational Behavior?

• OB addresses questions such as
• How do you win negotiations?
• How can you make the best decisions?
• How do you best deal with anxiety?
• How can you motivate others to deliver top
  performance?
• Are leaders born or made?

9
What is Organizational Behavior?Course Topics
Week 12 Group presentations
Week 13 Review
Week 11 Ethics
Week 2 Motivation, performance
Week 10 Leadership culture
Week 3 Research methods project
Week 9 Negotiation
Week 4 Job satisfaction stress
Performance Success Satisfaction
Week 8 Group dynamics
Week 5 Personality abilities
Week 7 Decision- making
Week 6 Midterm
10
Agenda

• What is Organizational Behaviour?
• Informational survey
• Organizational Behaviour Exercise
• Syllabus

11
Informational Survey

• No bearing on grades
• Helps me introduce material to you
• Helps you decide if the material will be of
  interest to you

12
Informational Survey

• 1. The link between job satisfaction and
  performance is
• a) dissatisfied employees work better than highly
  satisfied employees
• b) highly satisfied employees work better than
  dissatisfied employees
• c) highly productive employees like their job
  more than unproductive employees
• d) there is no relationship whatsoever between
  job satisfaction and job performance

13
Informational Survey

• 2. Which of the following individual difference
  characteristic has the strongest relation to
  income?
• a) extraversion
• b) conscientiousness
• c) emotional stability
• d) general mental ability (IQ)

14
Informational Survey

• 3. What is a danger of group decision-making?
• a) group decisions tend to be of low quality
• b) group decisions tend to be extreme
• c) group decisions tend to be made too fast
• d) group decisions tend not to be based on the
  relevant information

15
Informational Survey

• 4. The proportion of leadership success that is
  explained by stable personality traits such as
  extraversion is
• a) 25
• b) 40
• c) 50
• d) 75

16
Informational Survey

• 5. In theory, which one of the following features
  is not one of highly emotionally intelligent
  people?
• a) they manage their emotions better than other
  people
• b) they read faces better than other people
• c) they use their emotions to guide their
  decisions
• d) they are more motivated than other people

17
Informational SurveyAnswers

• 1. The link between job satisfaction and
  performance is
• a) dissatisfied employees work better than highly
  satisfied employees
• b) highly satisfied employees work better than
  dissatisfied employees
• c) highly productive employees like their job
  more than unproductive employees
• d) there is no relationship whatsoever between
  job satisfaction and job performance

18
Informational Survey Answers

• 2. Which of the following individual difference
  characteristic has the strongest relation to
  income?
• a) extraversion
• b) conscientiousness
• c) emotional stability
• d) general mental ability (IQ)

19
Informational Survey Answers

• 3. What is a danger of group decision-making?
• a) group decisions tend to be of low quality
• b) group decisions tend to be extreme
• c) group decisions tend to be made too fast
• d) group decisions tend not to be based on the
  relevant information

20
Informational Survey Answers

• 4. The proportion of leadership success that is
  explained by stable personality traits such as
  extraversion is
• a) 25
• b) 40
• c) 50
• d) 75

21
Informational Survey Answers

• 5. In theory, which one of the following features
  is not one of highly emotionally intelligent
  people?
• a) they manage their emotions better than other
  people
• b) they read faces better than other people
• c) they use their emotions to guide their
  decisions
• d) they are more motivated than other people

22
Agenda

• What is Organizational Behaviour?
• Informational survey
• Organizational Behaviour Exercise
• Syllabus

23
Organizational Behaviour Exercise

• Goals
• Introduce you to what we will cover in this class
• Introduce you to how I will run this class
• Do teams make better decisions than individuals?
• What interpersonal and thinking skills are needed
  to make the best decisions?

24
Organizational Behaviour Exercise

• Teams of 4-6 people
• One ranking sheet per person
• Step 1 Video with case facts (5 minutes)
• Step 2 Individual decision (5 minutes)
• Step 3 Group decision (10 minutes)
• Step 4 Video with correct answers (10 minutes)
• Step 5 Scoring of decisions (5 minutes)
• Step 6 Discussion of individual and group
  performance

25
Decision-Making
Advantages of making decisions in groups
Disadvantages of making decisions in groups

• Sharing of expertise and experience
• Pooling of resources
• Increased support for the decision
• Increased motivation with respect to the decision

• Slow
• Likelihood of group conflict
• Pressure to conform to norms and leaders
• Likelihood of extreme decisions
• Costly

26
Agenda

• What is Organizational Behaviour?
• Informational survey
• Organizational Behaviour Exercise
• Syllabus

27
Introduction Education
Montréal, Quebec
Born completed high school
B.Sc. (1995)
M.A. (1997) Ph.D. (2001)
28
Introduction Professional

• Instructor (1997-2001)
• Assistant Professor of Organizational Behaviour
  (2001-present)

Consulting and executive development

• Emotional Intelligence
• Leadership

29
Course Format

• Slides available on the web site for download
• At the beginning of each class, I
• Go over the agenda for the day
• Review the main points from the previous week
• Class includes lectures, exercises, and videos
• At the end of class, I preview the next session

30
Reading Assignments Textbook

• Canadian authors
• Highly rated by previous years students
• Used copies at U of T bookstores
• Practice essay and MC questions
• Lectures will supplement the text, not summarize
  it

31
Course Assignments

• 3 Self-Assessment personality, abilities, and
  leadership style feedback (pass/fail)
• 10 Group Project Proposal 1 page
• 25 Group Project 12-15 pages
• 5 Group Project Presentations 10 minutes
• 20 Midterm Exam MC and essay questions
• 30 Final Exam MC and essay questions
• 5 Participation
• 2 Research Participation

32
Self-Assessment (3)

• Opportunity to receive feedback on your
  personality, abilities, and leadership style
• You must block off 90 minutes before Thursday,
  Feb. 1, at 9 AM
• You will receive personal feedback the following
  week
• Online The URL is on the syllabus, and there is
  a link on my web site.

33
Group Project (Proposal 10 Paper 25
Presentation 5)

• Opportunity to conduct your own project that
  advances knowledge about behavior in
  organizations
• Possibility of doing a survey, a case analysis,
  an observational study, an archival study, etc.
• More detail on the group project in Week 3

34
Content of Midterm Exam (20) and Final Exam (30)

• Essay and multiple choice questions pertaining
  to
• Lecture content
• Textbook content
• In-class exercises
• Self-assessment results
• Group project presentations
• The two exams have similar formats.

35
Participation (5)

• I assign participation grades immediately after
  class
• You begin with 3 out of 5 points
• You gain points by increasing value for the other
  students. For example
• asking clarifying questions
• providing a clarifying example of a concept

36
Participation

• You lose points by decreasing value for the other
  students. For example
• arriving late and distracting students in class
• leaving early or making noise at the end
• missing class
• using laptops for non-class purposes
• To attain 5/5, make insightful comments in half
  of the sessions (without losing points)

37
Research Participation (2)

• Participation in research studies conducted by
  organizational behaviour or marketing researchers
• You get 1 point for 1 one hour of research
  participation
• You must do 2 hours
• Dates January 22 to April 5

38
Grading

• Grading team me 2 TAs
• All group proposals and projects are read and
  graded by me only
• TAs read exams and assign preliminary grades
  then, I go over the exams and assign final grades

39
Web Site

• Syllabus
• Links to text web site and web assignment
• Class slides
• Practice midterm and final exam questions
• Sample answers to exam questions
• Information about group projects
• Sample group projects
• Grades (via CCnet)
• and more updated regularly

40
Week 2 preview Motivation and performance

• What motivates people to work hard?
• Who are the best performers on the job?
• The most intelligent people?
• The most friendly people?
• The most extraverted people?
• Or none of the above?

41
Please turn in your info. sheetsand introduce
yourself to me!