I' Human Development Report Highlights: Globalization

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I. Human Development Report Highlights
Globalization II. The Human Development
Index III. Videos Literacy and Social Reform and
Beyond Beijing Women and Economic
Development III. The Debate Over Global Trade and
Its Effects on Global Inequality
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Highlights

• Globalizationis the growing interdependence of
  the worlds people
• Contemporary globalization is characterized by
• new markets
• new tools
• new actors
• new rules

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• The highest-income countries with 20 of the
  worlds population account for 86 of world GNP
  the bottom 20 accounts for 1
• The top 20 account for 82 of exports the
  bottom 20, only 1
• The top 20 account for 68 of foreign direct
  investment the bottom 20, only 1
• The top 20 account for 93.3 of internet uses,
  the bottom 20, 0.2.

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• 80 countries had lower per capita incomes than a
  decade earlier
• Big increases in inequality, measured by the
  GINI index, were registered in all transitional
  economies, the US, UK, Sweden, and many other
  countries.
• Globally, the income gap between the top and
  bottom fifth increased from 30 to 1 in 1960 to 74
  to 1 in 1997.
• The assets of the three top billionaires were
  more than the combined GNP of all the least
  developed countries and their 600 million people

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The report calls for globalization with

• ethics
• equity
• inclusion
• human security
• sustainability
• development

Globalization with a human face
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And the means to this end is stronger
governance Globalization offers great
opportunities for human advance--but only with
stronger governance. The globally integrated
world will require stronger governance if it is
to preserve the advantages of global market
competition, and to turn the forces of
globalization to support human advance.
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Reading Between the Lines Test Yourself
The current debate (over global governance)
istoo geographically unbalanced, dominated by
the largest economies--usually the G-7, sometimes
just the G-1 About the IMF, WB, ITO, etc
There is little transparency in decisions, and
there is no structured forum for civil society
institutions to express their views.
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• Human Development Index (HDI)
• We need a measure of the same level of vulgarity
  as GNP--just one number--but a measure that is
  not as blind to social aspects of human lives as
  GNP is. --Mahbub ul Haq
• A means of broadening the development discussion
• Introduced in 1990 in first HDR

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• Human Development Index (HDI)
• A composite index
• Life expectance at birth
• Adult Literacy
• Combined enrolment ratio
• Adjusted per capita income in PPP
• Subsequently Gender-related Development Index,
  Gender Empowerment Index, Human Poverty Index.

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HDI rankings are most interesting when they
diverge from PCI rankings...
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Some Disparities (HDR 2000) Qatar -
21Kuwait -31Sweden 15Costa
Rica 18Cuba 40Sri Lanka 25South
Africa -54Vietnam 24Guatemala -24Angola -34
Tanzania 17
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Two Videos Literacy and Social Reform
(Kerala) Beyond Beijing Women and Economic
Development(Mexico and Bangladesh)
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• The Debate over Free Trade and Global Inequality
• Slaughter and Swagel trade flows have
  contributed to the increase in inequality in US,
  but not as much as widely believed
• Burtless et al trade flows have had very small
  impact on decline of good manufacturing jobs in
  US. Globaphobia.
• Mandel Protectionism and opposition to trade
  expansion hurts the worlds poor.

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Discussion What is Mandels argument? Why does
he take anti-globalization activists to
task? What strategies does he propose? What do
you think?