The Road to World War I

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The RoadtoWorld War I
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Home WorkWorld History

• Read on abc clio
• The Rise of Nationalism, The consolidation of
  Modern States
• The Unification of Italy
• German unification through war
• After reading click on discussion questions
• Answer discussion questions for each article
• Turn in to turn it in.com March 31, 2008

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Europe after Napoleon

• Napoleons rule in France sent Europe into 25
  years of warfare
• Napoleons final exile brings European powers
  together at the Congress of Vienna between
  September of 1814 June of 1815
• The nations attending included
• Austria
• Prussia
• Russia
• France
• England

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Objectives of the Congress of Vienna

• Compensation Repayment for damages during the
  Napoleonic wars
• Legitimacy Replacing the Monarchs of Europe
• Balance of power Insurance that no nation may
  dominate Europe

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National gains and Losses

• England, Russia, Prussia and Austria all gain
  territories in negotiations
• France losses territories
• German confederation of States is created
• Two alliances are created
• The Quadruple Alliance Eng. Aus., Prussia, and
  Russia
• The Holy Alliance Russia, Prussia and Austria

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1860 Europe
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The Industrial Revolution

• The Industrial Revolution begins in the early
  1800s with new techniques in the textile
  industry and spreads to areas of communications
  and power generation
• The Industrial revolution brings about new ideas
  such as interchangeable parts, the assembly line
  and the development of the corporation

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Life beforeThe Industrial Revolution

• Prior to industrial Revolution
• High infant mortality rates
• Average life expectancy 40 years
• 25 of the population lived in urban areas
• Limited life experience

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Rural Life

• Nations on an agricultural based economy
• Farmers worked cooperatively
• Travel expensive and impractical
• Daily activity revolved around farming
• Education a low priority

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Changes of the Period

• The Enclosure movement small farmers pushed out
  by larger farms forced farmers to urban areas
• Increase in urban populations creates large
  supplies of cheap labor
• Middle class consumers provide capital for large
  investment
• Increase in life span
• Increase in populations

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Industrial Growth

• England leads the way in the early revolution
• Greater expansion into foreign markets
• Explosion in transportation Railroads and the
  steam engine
• Competition grows for new markets
• Creation of a colonies race by European nations
• The United States see the rise of the Robber
  Barons

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Changes in Europe

• Competition sees the need for consolidation
• European states need to join together to compete
• Italy is unified under a revolutionary leader
  named Giuseppe Garibaldi and his Red Shirts
• 1861 Victor Emmanuel becomes II King of Italy
• German states are soon unified under Otto von
  Bismarck and the philosophy of Realpolitik
  For the state in contrast to the individual,
  self preservation is the supreme law.
• Otto Von Bismarck becomes known as the Iron
  Chancellor (Known as the second Reich in 1871)

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The Partition of Africa

• New European nations scramble for resources to
  compete in the industrial Revolution
• Africa becomes a prime target for nations needing
  raw materials
• By 1914 all of Africa is carved up between
  European nations
• Nations justify the subjugation of the natives as
  the White Mans Burden (reference from Rudyard
  Kipling's poem of the same title)

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ColonialRivalriesAfricain1914
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The African Cake
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Colonial Rivalries Asia in 1914
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Britannica

• The British build the largest and most vast of
  empires
• The British control and fight for control of
  middle eastern states such as the Mesopotamia and
  Egypt.
• The English fight French forces to control the
  newly built Suez Canal
• The greatest of all British colonies is that of
  India by 1865
• The British put down the Sepoy Rebellion in 1857
  and fight in China against in the Boxer rebellion
  and the opium war

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THE BOXER REBELLION
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The British Empire in 1914
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The Balkans in 1878
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Militarism

• To support their new nationalism and their
  expansionism European nations employ a program of
  militarism
• Militarism is the rapid build up of military
  forces
• These large militaries compete with one another
  and guard their new colonial states around the
  world

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Tensions Conflicts 1873-1914

• Three Emperors League (1873) ? Ger, A-H, Rus.
• Dual Alliance (1879) ? Ger. A-H
• Triple Alliance (1882)? Ger, A-H, It.
• Reinsurance Treaty (1887) ? restore relations
  between Ger. Rus.
• Franco-Russian Alliance (1894)
• British-Japanese Alliance (1902)
• The Entente Cordiale (1904) ? Br. Fr.

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Tensions Conflicts 1873-1914

• First Moroccan Crisis (1905)
• Russo-Japanese War (1905)
• The Anglo-Russian Convention (1907) ? Persia
• Triple Entente (1907) ? Br, Fr, Rus
• The Bosnian Crisis of 1908
• Second Moroccan Crisis (1911)
• The First Balkan War (1912)
• The Second Balkan War (1913)

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The Balkan Wars 1912-1913
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The Balkans in 1914
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American Expansion

• America expands its claims with the purchase of
  Alaska and conflict with Mexico
• Americas entrance into war with Spain over Cuba
  gives America more territories in the pacific
  including the Philippines and Guam as well as
  Puerto Rico

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Economics of a global economy

• The industrial revolution brings forward the
  development of new ideas in the field of
  economics
• Adams Smiths The Wealth of Nations is adopted
  as the manifesto of capitalism
• David Ricardo developed the Iron law of Wages
• The socialist were given a voice by Karl Marx and
  Fredrich Engels in the Communist Manifesto

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Adam Smith

• By pursing his own interests he frequently
  promotes that of the society more effectually
  than when he really intends to promote it. I have
  never known much good done by those who affected
  to trade for the public good

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Fredrich Engels Karl Marx

• religion is the opium of the people
• from each according to his ability to each
  according to his needs
• Karl Marx
• In this sense, the theory of communism can be
  summed up in a single sentence The abolition of
  private property
• Fredrich Engels

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Europe in 1914
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Summary

• The defeat of Napoleon and the Congress of
  development did not stop liberal movements
  through out Europe.
• The rise of the industrial revolution and new
  technologies drove post Napoleonic nations to
  reach world wide for raw materials and resources
• The colonial race led to the rise of huge
  militaries and a complex alliance system
  precariously balanced which will ultimately fall
  by the death of one man