Promoting Policies, Legislations and Institutions for Disaster Risk Reduction

1
Promoting Policies, Legislations and
Institutions for Disaster Risk Reduction
Indian Experience

• B.S.Lalli
• Secretary to Government
• Ministry of Home Affairs
• Government of India

2
Evolution of Public policy on disaster reduction

• 1960s Comprehensive food security prevented
  famine which was recurrent phenomenon prior to
  Independence.
• 1980s Integrated poverty reduction strategies
  reduced adverse impact of natural disasters
• Various disaster mitigation programmes such as
  DPAP, DDP, EGS, Watershed Management, crop
  insurance.
• Micro credit through self groups mostly of women
  enhanced resilience of communities
• Devolution of powers to rural and urban self
  governing institutions empowered local
  communities

3
Turning point growing Disaster Losses

• During IDNDR India lost 2.2 of its GDP annually
  (US6 billion) due to disasters
• This highlighted need to have a comprehensive
  policy on disaster risk reduction and management

Reported Catastrophe Losses in India, 1965-2001
US Millions
4
Paradigm shift From disaster Response towards
Disaster Reduction

• Government appointed HPC on Disaster Management
  (1999) which submitted one of the most
  comprehensive reports ever produced.
• Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-07) outlined a
  multi-pronged strategy for total risk management
  for sustainable development
• The WCDR organized by the International Strategy
  for Disaster Reduction was opportunity for
  Development of Disaster Management Framework that
  India presented in January 2005
• India actively participated in drafting the Hyogo
  Framework for Action building Resilience of
  Nations and Communities to Disasters

5
National Disaster Management Framework
Political Economy
Development
Environment
Disaster Risk Assessment ,Reduction and Management
Prevention, Preparedness
Response, Recovery
Early Warning
Shelter
Non-structural measures Poverty
alleviation Empowerment of women Capacity
Building Risk transfer, insurance
Structural measures Infrastructure Environmental
shield Retrofitting
Intermediary
Search and rescue
Relief
Permanent
Sustainable Development
6
Disaster Management Act 2005
National Disaster Management Authority Chairman
PM
Central Government
National Executive Committee
MHA
State Government
State Disaster Management Authority Chairman CM
NIDM
NDRF
State Executive Committee
District Administration
DMD
District Disaster Management Authority Co-Chairmen
DM/Chairman ZP
Panchayatss
Municipalities
7
Implementing HFA

• Policy legal-institutional framework furthering
  HFA Agendas in following ways
• Ensuring political commitment at highest level
• Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in
  development
• Providing resources for mitigation, Response and
  Recovery
• Applying ICT and ST for disaster risk reduction
• Implementing largest CBDRM programme in world
• Mainstreaming DRR in education system , through
  school curriculum
• Raising NDRF as specialized force for response
• Developing NIDM as apex body for capacity
  building

8
Promoting Global and Regional Cooperation in
disaster Reduction

• India worked closely with International Strategy
  for Disaster Reduction in developing the Asian
  Strategy for Disaster Reduction at the Beijing
  Conference
• India took proactive role in developing SAARC
  Regional Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction in
  South Asia
• India plans to host the next Ministers- level
  Conference to review the implementation of the
  Asian Strategy for of Disaster Reduction India is
  maintaining WMO regional early warning network
• India is hosting SAARC Disaster Management Centre
  at New Delhi

9
Challenges ahead

• Recent disasters like Tsunami and Mumbai floods
  have demonstrated that much needs to be done
• Growing economy and urbanization have exposed
  more areas, assets and people to risks
• Enforcement of building codes and zonal
  regulations in rural and urban areas still a huge
  task
• Communicating early warning to the last mile
• Diversifying livelihood opportunities in disaster
  prone areas
• Promoting effective regional cooperation under
  HFA

10
Thank you