CARTOGRAPHY

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CARTOGRAPHY in the 21st century
Mike Shand
Department of Geography and Geomatics
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Abstract
CARTOGRAPHY in the 21st Century Cartography has
seen dramatic technological changes in the past
15 years as the mapping sciences have finally
moved into a fully digital environment. The
availability of raster and vector spatial digital
data, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and
compatible mapping/graphics software has
fundamentally changed how cartographers and
mapping scientists approach the map production
and analysis processes required for the 21st
century. More importantly many academics,
students and researchers increasingly rely on the
support and skill base of the modern cartographer
or GIS technician to access, utilise and keep
up-to-date with this dynamically changing
technology. Mike Shand University of Glasgow
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Role Change for Cartographers
Pre-digital role Maps and graphics to final hard
copy (paper or film) Post-digital role Maps and
graphics to final hard copy Map production in
digital file formats for publishers File
conversion and creation of GIS map data for
research teaching Production of web mapping and
graphics for Internet publication Digital
manipulation of raster spatial imagery Map
skills transfer to academics and students Desk
Top Publishing for departmental publicity and
publications

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Map Media Options

• PAPER MAPS flat, folded, atlas sheets
• DIGITAL MAPS graphics GIS software
• WEB MAPS static, interactive, animated

(raster or vector)
DIGITAL MAPPING IS TODAYS PREFERRED OPTION for
map data, production and visualisation
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UK Academic Map Data Services
University of Edinburgh
University of Edinburgh
University of Manchester
Office for National Statistics
University of Essex
University of Durham
Kings College London
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Map Data Sets
Ordnance Survey Digimap Bartholomew UK Digital
Map Data Landmap (DEM Landsat SPOT) CASWEB
(SAS/LBS census data) SABE (NUTS 1,2,3) Europe
Map Data CORINE (Land Use) European Environment
Agency Data Service Global Land Cover
Facility ASTER, MODIS Satellite Imagery DOTS,
BOPS, GFS, MEI economic statistics UNEP (GRID)
international data National Imagery and Mapping
Agency (NIMA)
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What type of Map Data?
TOPOGRAPHIC POPULATION LAND USE ENVIRONMENTAL GEOP
HYSICAL HISTORICAL
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UK Map Data
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Ordnance Survey
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EDINA Digimap
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(No Transcript)
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DIGIMAP ORDNANCE SURVEYvector products/formats

• Master Map
• Land-line Plus (11250 / 12500 / 110,000, NTF)
• Land-Form PANORAMA Contour (150,000, NTF or DXF)
• Land-Form PANORAMA DTM (150,000, NTF or DXF)
• Meridian (150,000, NTF or DXF)
• Strategi (1250,000, NTF or DXF)
• DXF layer based - NTF code based
• DXF creates larger file sizes than NTF

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Tools for translating or use

• NTF - GIS translators (ESRI ArcView, MapInfo)
• NTF - AutoCAD gt DXF/DWG
• DXF - CAD or GIS (ESRI ArcView, MapInfo)
• DXF, EPS, GIS gt Adobe Illustrator,
  gtMacromedia Freehand
• DXF EPS, gt CorelDraw
• GIF gt Paint packages (CorelPaint, PhotoShop)
• User experience needed for
• data collecting and disseminating

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GIS(Geographical Information Systems)
Software Product ESRI ArcGIS ArcView MapInfo
Professional AutoDesk AutoCAD also MicroStation
LaserScan SmallWorld
File Format shp e00 mid/mif tab dxf dwg
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EPS, DXF or GIS formats (with MaPublisher)
into Adobe ILLUSTRATOR or Macromedia FREEHAND
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DXF into CorelDraw
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DXF into AutoCAD
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MAP DATA
SOFTWARE
AVAILABLE raster vector
AVAILABLE GIS graphics
PROBLEMS
Data import export Data translation Data
structures topology Data manipulation
Reasons for problems ?
LACK of TRAINING and EXPERIENCE ?
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SUMMARY
Do cartographers have the skillsto support
academics and students?
If yes, are cartographers continuing to keep
up-to-date with technology ?
If not, what role does HODs play in the CPD
needs of support staff ?
- and what structures and courses exist to supply
CPD needs of staff ?
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CARTOGRAPHY in the 21st century
Mike Shand
Department of Geography and Geomatics