California Trucking Association Discussion Fleet Modernization Concept Triangular Truck Trade

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Title: California Trucking Association Discussion Fleet Modernization Concept Triangular Truck Trade

1
CaliforniaTrucking Association--Discussion--
Fleet Modernization--Concept--Triangular
Truck Trade
2
Presentation Criteria

Only On Road Diesel Trucks
Years not Tiers
On Road-Years
Off Road-Tiers I, II, III, IV
Only ARB Approved Devices and Fuel
Cleaire Longview Retrofit Device
PM 85
NOx 25
Diesel Fuel-No Alt. Fuels
No other ARB approved fuel
Infrastructure Problems
Engine Warranty Problems
Existing Carl Moyer Project

3
Cars vs. Trucks

1. Cars-1976
a. Catalytic Converters mandated on all
newly manufactured automobiles
b. No accompanying retroactive retrofit
policy attached for pre- 1976 vehicles.
2. Trucks-1986/2006
a. Federal diesel emissions limit guidelines
b. No accompanying retroactive retrofit
policy attached for any vehicles.
3. CARB
a. Added diesel truck industry mandate to
RETROFIT all trucks with pre-2007 diesel
engines.

4
California
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Only Mandates

Aromatic Fuel Standard
Refuse Rule
TRU Rule
Idling Rule
Private Fleet Rule
Retrofit of Diesel APUs
-Installed on all 2007 trucks

5
Section 1 New Technology

Retrofit Devices
Tire Technology
Auxiliary Power Units
Installations 05/06
Cost Analysis
Quiz
New Programs

6
Longview System Schematic
Note Diesel fuel injection is used for NOx
reduction, not filter health
Exhaust Flow
Catalyzed SiC PM Filter
NOx Catalyst
NOx Catalyst
Temperature Sensors
Inlet
Outlet
System Controls
Backpressure Sensor
Diesel Fuel Injection System with Filter
RPM, Turbo Boost Sensor
Notification lights
Engine
7
Cleaire Longview mounted horizontally
Exhaust Flow
1
2
3
View of truck tail pipe without Retrofit device
View of truck tail pipe with Retrofit device
8
Cleaire Longview mounted vertically
9
The vehicle pictured here is a 2006 Volvo. Any
vehicle with a 2006 or older ENGINE will have to
be retrofitted even if it is in a truck
manufactured in 2007. THE DETERMINING FACTOR
IS MANUFACTURE DATE OF THE ENGINE not the
VEHICLE
10
Tire Technology
When purchasing new equipment, a company may opt
for new technology such as the Michelin X1 single
tires pictured here. The ground footprint of
this tire is the same as with a set of duals (two
tires). The main benefits of this tire are
weight savings more payload and a possible fuel
savings of up to a 5.
11
Auxiliary Power Units
12
Function

1. Heat/Cool Driver Compartment
2. No Idling of Main Truck Engine
3. APU Fuel Consumption
a. Heat Compartment-.04 Gals. Per Hour
b. Cool Compartment-.18 Gals. Per Hour
4. Main Engine Fuel Consumption
a. 1 Gallon Per Hour
5. Fuel Use Comparison-590 Hours
a. Main Truck Engine-590.0 Gallons
b. APU-------------------- 106.2 Gallons
483.8
c. 483.8 gals. _at_ 2.50 per gal.1,209.50
6. Price-9,200.00

13
Cleaire Retrofit DevicesInstallations-2005/2006
Units Bus Type Device Type PM
NOx 350 School Horizon 85 0 1700 Transit Longv
iew 85 25 Units Truck Type Device
Type PM NOx 2000 Class 8 Longview 85 25
350 Units _at_ 11,000 3,850,000 1,700 Units _at_
20,50034,850,000 2,000 Units _at_
20,50041,000,000 4,050 Units
79,700,000
14
Cost AnalysisCleaire Longview Retrofit Device1
Year Manufacturing Capability

Number of Units--- 5000
Cost Per Unit--------20,500
Total Cost------------ 102,500,000

15
New Programs

Proposed Private Fleet Rule
Heavy-Duty Engine Program
Triangular Truck Trade Pilot Project

16
QuizPollution Contribution

Of the following vehicle criteria,
a. Age
b. Duty Cycle-Fuel Used
c. Color
d. Miles Traveled
which do you feel would more accurately determine
the Diesel Truck that pollutes the most?

17
Section 2Air Quality Rules

Where do they come from and how are they
administered?
CARB Proposed Private Fleet Rule
Engine Model Year Changes Federal Emissions
Limits
Zones
Zone Discussion
Dual Path/Fast Track

18
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19

A. Legislative Level
Congress
Clean Air Act-1963
1. Set national air quality standards
2. Give states an attainment time table
3. Requests a State Implementation Plan (SIP)
from each state to describe how and when that
state will meet federal air quality requirements
B. Federal Level
Environmental Protection Agency
1. Oversees/Approves each (SIP)
2. Can provide money to support clean air
projects

C. State Level
California Air Resources Board (CARB)
1. Approves 35 local air districts
implementation plans
2. Allocates state grant funds (Carl Moyer
Program) to local air districts
D. Local Level
San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District
(SJVAPCD)
1. Monitors local air quality
2. Prepares local clean air plans
3. Implement plans to achieve goals
4. Administers Moyer Grant Program

21
California Air
Resources Board

Proposed Private Fleet Rule
For On Road Diesel Vehicles
All Trucks Traveling in California

A. By 2014
Emissions Equivalence in G/BHP-H
2004 model year or newer
Must ALSO apply highest level (BACT), Best
Available Control Technology, for PM and NOx
Start-2004 Min. (BACT) Result
a. PM-- 0.10 85 0.015
b. NOx- 2.50 25 1.875
B. By 2020
Emissions Equivalence in G/BHP-H
2007 model year or newer

C. Affected Vehicles
1. 14,000 Lb. GVWR and Greater
a. Trucks
b. Motor Homes
c. Federal Fleets
d. Buses
D. Exempted Vehicles
1. Military tactical vehicles

E. ARB Compliance Concepts
1. Fleet Averaging
a. 5 or more vehicles
b. Allow offsets--Older vehicles offset by
newer vehicles or retrofit technology.
c. Annual reporting
e. Averages to decline over time to meet
PM/NOx targets
2. (BACT) Phase-In Time Table
Vehicles must be in compliance or phased out
a. By Dec. 2009-1965/1994

25
Federal Diesel EngineEmissions Model Year Changes

No Controls
Control Set 1
Control Set 2
Control Set 3
Control Set 4
Control Set 5
Control Set 6
Control Set 7

26
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27
Trapping Particles
Neutralizing a Gas
28
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29

Zone 1
The Dead Zone
a. 19??-1986 Mechanical Engines
b. 1987-1990 Start of Emissions Limits
Carl Moyer-1990 Re-power Projects
c. 1991-1993 Partially Electronic
Zone 2
a. 1994-1997 Fully Electronic Engines
b. 1998-2002
c. 2003-2006
Zone 3
a. 2007-2009 Current Utopia
b. 2010-20?? Future Better Utopia

30
Zone 1-Dead Zone-Vehicles

1. Are a minimum of 14 YEARS OLD 1993-2007
2. Are a minimum of 17 YEARS OLD for Moyer 1990
re-power project
3. Are usually worth more as SCRAP
4. Retrofit devices will ONLY EFFECT (PM),
NO (NOx) BENEFIT
5. PM ONLY retrofit devices could cost as much
as 11,000.00
6. DO NOT travel 100,000 miles a year
7. Have NO LOGICAL COST EFFECTIVE emissions
reduction scenario
8. Solution- RETIRE IT, do not
RE-POWER IT or
RETROFIT IT

31
Zone 2 Vehicles

1. Make 1994 Zone 2a the Baseline
a. First fully electronic engines
2. 1994-1997 Zone 2a Vehicles
a. Use as trade down vehicles for ALL DEAD
ZONE Vehicles
b. DO NOT RETROFIT
3. 1998-2002 Zone 2b Vehicles
a. Check DUTY CYCLE to determine vehicle
retrofit or trade down process
4. 2003-2006 Zone 2c Vehicles
a. NO approved ARB retrofit device as of
yet
b. All 2003-2006 ENGINES must be
retrofitted even if the 2006 engine is in a
2007 vehicle
c. Life expectancy will still be 10 years of
running 100,000 miles a year

2. MANDATES
a. TIME FRAME MANDATE-ACCEPTABLE
b. UNFUNDED MANDATE-UNACCEPTABLE
c. FUNDED MANDATE-ACCEPTABLE-RARE usually
given to municipalities for buses
3. Funding Eligibility-Any California domiciled
fleet-1 to 100,000 trucks
4. Prime objective-Project cost effectiveness
5. Best criteria for any 3 R project is
DUTY CYCLE-FUEL USED not AGE
6. Trucking industry to help the ARB and Air
Districts set viable criteria for 3 Rs.
7. A possible Triangular Trade process attached
to the Private Fleet Rule which would scrap ALL
pre-1994 Class 8 Trucks.

33
Section 3Class 8 Truck Owners

1. Fleet Owners
2. Specialized Fleet Owners
3. Owner Operators

34
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35
Class 8 Truck Owners

A. Fleet Owners
1. Run year around
2. Have a maintenance facility
3. Do cost analyses
4. Have fleet modernization plans
B. Specialized Fleet Owners
1. Ag. Carriers-Seasonal operation
2. Cotton Module Haulers
a. Run as few as 7 weeks a year
3. Cattle feeding company
a. Run trucks 10 to 12 hrs. a day

4. Farming Operation
a. Owns a truck/s-necessary evil
b. Hard to get outside carrier to fill
needs
c. Has employee/s with CDL
d. They drive truck or tractor as needed
C. Owner Operators
1. Owns one truck
2. May choose to work seasonally
3. May own a truck to haul his own product to
market
4. Usually maintains his own truck

37
Section 4Funding Sources

Trucking Industry
Private Funding Source
Profit
Are there funding sources available?
Who is eligible for those funds?
Tax Consequences

38
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39
Trucking Revenue Per Mile vs. Inflation Rate
Trucking Industry De-regulation
The trucking industry was deregulated in 1980.
The American Trucking Association graph pictured
here helps to explain the current problem Fleet
Owners are having when they try to develop fleet
modernization plans.
40
Revenue Per Mile

For-hire trucking revenues expanded at a healthy
pace during the last decade, but these numbers do
not tell the full story. Trucking miles driven,
like trucking revenue increased substantially,
translating into stagnant average revenue per
mile. Between 1976 and 1980, when the industry
was still regulated, the average revenue per mile
followed the rate if inflation very closely.
Since then, however, inflation has far surpassed
the growth in average revenue per mile.
Specifically, from 1979 to 1980, inflation and
average revenue per mile increased 45 and 35
respectively. Since then, inflation has risen
102, compared with only 11 for average revenue
per mile.
After adjusting average revenue per mile for
inflation, it is determined that average revenue
per mile has actually fallen 45 since 1980.

41
The Carl Moyer ProgramPossible Scenarios

1. The 3 Rs
a. Re-power
b. Retrofit
c. Replace-Fleet Modernization
2. Moyer Criteria
a. Re-power Criteria
i. 1990-1995 vehicles
ii. Must add retrofit device
b. Retrofit-1994 newer with PM and
NOx combination retrofit device
c. Replace-Fleet Modernization
Would rather have Natural Gas engines over
Diesel engines- EXTRA VEHICLE COST-70,000.00

3. Sources for Moyer Funds 2005-2006
a. 61 Million-Smog Check Fees
b. 25 Million-Tire Fees To be reduced to 16
Million in 07
c. Local Air Districts may approve a DMV fee
of up to 2.00 for Moyer type incentive
programs

43
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44
Moyer Remodel

In an effort to modernize the Carl Moyer
Program, several variations of the existing Moyer
re-power process were formulated. The parameters
for these models are
1. Vehicle production years instead of 1990
a. 1994
b. 1998
2. Used truck prices from Fresno Truck Center
web site as of 3/1/2006
3. Calculations based on Carl Moyer Methodology
4. Models based on vehicle traveling 100,000
miles per year
5. Moyer funding vs. Private match
6. Pollution reductions for 1 and 5 years
7. Cost effectiveness per pound over a 5 year
life cycle

45
Re-power Comparison1994 Vehicle 1998 Vehicle
No Added Retrofit Device
46
Swap-Scrap Comparison1994-2003/1998-2003No
Added Retrofit Device
47
Swap-Scrap Comparison1994-2007/1998-2007No
Retrofit Device Needed
48
Tax Consequences

1. Retrofit Devices-No
2. Rule
a. Money received must extend the life of the
vehicle
b. Check in from Air District
c. Check out to device manufacturer
3. Re-power-Yes
4. Air District contribution toward new
vehicle-Yes
5. Tax Incentive Group
a. San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control
District
b. South Coast Air Quality Management
District

49
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51
Regular Payment Schedule
Triangular Trade-Extra Equipment Payment Schedule
52
Regular Payment Schedule
Triangular Trade Extra Equipment Payment Schedule
53
Section 5The Triangular Truck Trade Concept

1. Mission Statement
2. Players
3. Responsibilities
4. 60 Share of What?
5. Issues

54
Fleet ModernizationMission Statement

Determine Best Case Scenarios for the 3 Rs,
Re-powering-Retrofitting-Replacing
vehicles that will
AFFECT AIR QUALITY THE MOST
AND TAX PAYERS THE LEAST
To accomplish this goal, a new strategy must be
developed. Lets visit the Moyer 3 R
controversy from a Triangular Trade perspective.
Because of Moyer funding rules, it may be
difficult for a vehicle owner to qualify. The
Triangular Trade concept focuses on
VEHICLE DUTY CYCLE-FUEL USED
not VEHICLE AGE when determining the 3 R Best
Case Scenario. It also deals with vehicles in
groups of three rather than individually.

55
Triangular Trade Players
Player 3 Owner of Pre-1994 Zone 1 Vehicle
Player 2 Owner of 1994-2002 Zone 2 Vehicle
Player 4 Truck Dealer
Player 1 ARB Air Districts
One company can be both Player 2 Player
3 or Player 3 Player 4
56
Player Responsibilities
Player 3 Owner of Pre-1994 Zone 1 Vehicle
Player 2 Owner of 1994-2002 Zone 2 Vehicle
Player 1 ARB Air Districts
40,000
Player 1 1. Receives application from Player
2 2. Receives application from Player
3 3. Determines appropriate credit amount
57
Player 2 Owner of 1994-2002 Zone 2 Vehicle
Player 4 Truck Dealer
40,000
Player 1 ARB Air Districts

Player 2
1. Turns in application to Player 1
2. Once selected, chooses Player 4
3. Turns in vehicle to Player 4
Receives Air District credit toward new vehicle
through Player 4

58
Player 3 Owner of Pre-1994 Zone 1 Vehicle
Player 4 Truck Dealer
Player 1 ARB Air Districts
Player 3 1. Turns in application to Player
1 2. Once selected, turns in vehicle to Player
4 3. Receives Player 2 vehicle from Player 4
59
Player 3 Owner of Pre-1994 Zone 1 Vehicle
Player 2 Owner of 1994-2002 Zone 2 Vehicle
Player 4 Truck Dealer
40,000
Player 1 ARB Air Districts

Player 4
1. Receives program participants from Player 1
and credit for Player 2
2. Assigns credit to Player 2 for new truck
3. Receives vehicle from Player 2
Gives Player 2 vehicle to Player 3
Receives vehicle from Player 3
Acts as clearing house for all vehicle
TRANSACTIONS DEMOLITION for Player 1

60
60 Share of What?

What happens if a truck owner cannot afford 60
of a new truck? Here is a possible solution.

61
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63
Section 6Criteria Conversions

1. Grams Per Tons
2. Engine Criteria
3. Driving Criteria
4. Driving Equivalence
5. Grams to Tons

Grams Per Ton
1. 907184.74 Grams1 Ton
Engine Criteria
1. Max. Engine Horse Power Rating 535 Horse
Power
2. Average Horse Power Used-75
400 Horse Power
Driving Criteria
1. Daily Driving Hours 10
2. Yearly Work Days 250
3. Driving Equivalence
Daily Round Trip-Fresno/LA/Fresno

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68
-83
-33
69
Section 7Comparisons

Moyer Re-power Project
Basic Triangular Trade
Summary Extra Vehicle Retrofit
Summary Moyer Re-power, Basic T.T., Extra
Retrofit
Vehicle Age
Cost Match Analysis-Vehicles Effected

70
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71
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72
SummaryMoyer/Triangular Trade
73
ComparisonMoyer/Tri. Trade/Tri Trade Plus
74
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75
Cost Match AnalysisRetrofit vs. Triangular Trade

Cleaire Longview
Number of Units--- 5000
Cost Per Unit--------20,500
Total Cost------------ 102,500,000
Triangular Trade Concept
Vehicles Description Cost Per Unit Total Cost
2,562 New 40,000 102,480,000
2,562 Traded 0.00 0.00
2,562 Scraped 0.00 0.00
Trucks effected 7,686

76
ISSRC Retrofit Project80,000 Trucks

Yr. Units Cost-Each Unit
Total
1 5,000 20,500 102,500,000
2 10,000 205,000,000
3 15,000 307,500,000
4 20,000 410,000,000
5 25,000 512,500,000
6 30,000 615.000,000
7 35,000 717,500,000
8 40,000 820,000,000
9 45,000 922.500,000
10 50,000 1,025,000,000
11 55,000 1,127,000,000
12 60,000 1,230,000,000
13 65,000 1,332.500,000
14 70,000 1,435,000,000
15 75,000 1,537,500,000
16 80,000 1,640,000,000

77
Section 8Fleet Analysis

1. Fleet Retrofit Project and Recommendations
2. 2005/2006 vs. Zones 1 2
Vehicles
3. Fleet Miles Traveled Misperceptions

78
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79
Triangular Trade Concept Recommendations
We will now look at each individual Triangular
Trade Player and their responsibilities.
80
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81
Blue Vehicles Retrofitted Yellow Vehicles not
Retrofitted
82
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83
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84
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85
FleetMiles Traveled Misperceptions

San Joaquin Valley climate is mild
Mother nature does not help fleet modernization
like in the Mid West and North East
Class 8 Heavy Duty Diesel truck duty cycles vary
Common misperceptions
All trucks work all year around
Travel 10,000 miles per month
120,000 miles per year
If this were true, pollution numbers would look
like this

86
Yearly Mileage
87
Yearly Mileage
88
Yearly Mileage
89
Yearly Mileage
90
Yearly Mileage
91
Yearly Mileage
92
Yearly Mileage
93
Section 9Phase In Concepts

ARB Private Fleet Rule
Accelerated Alternatives
Model Year
Duty Cycle-Fuel Used
Dual Path/Fast Track
Moyer
Retrofit, Re-power, Replace
Bond
Triangular Trade
BTU Comparison

94
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95
CARBProposed Private Fleet Rule

Must meet the minimum 2004 federal diesel engine
emissions standards retrofit device or be
PHASED OUT
1. Dec. 2009-1965 to 1994
2. Dec. 2010-1995 to 1997
3. Dec. 2011-1998 to 1999
4. Dec. 2012-2000 to 2002
5. Dec. 2013-2003 to 2006

96
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97

Alternative, Accelerated
Phase in Concepts
1. Based on Vehicle Model Year
2. Based on Fuel Used-Gallons
3. Funding Criteria
a. Existing Carl Moyer funding to REMAIN
AVAILABLE with RESTRICTED USAGE
b. Any and all other funding mechanisms may
be added such as Bond Measure funds
c. Possible incentive programs added such as
interest free loans, 179 accelerated
depreciation, etc.

1
Based on Model Year
1. By Dec. 2009-2003/2006
Must be in compliance
2. By Dec. 2010-1998-2002
Must be in compliance
3. By Dec. 2011-1994-1997
a. Must be Traded Down ala Triangular
Truck Trade Concept
b. No retrofits if mileage criteria is
met
4. By Dec. 2012-1965/1993
Must be Phased Out

2
Based on Fuel Used-Gallons
Dual sort criteria to be used for replacement or
retrofit based on
A. Fuel Used
B. Duty Cycle
C. Adjusted Private Fleet Rule Criteria
1. By Dec. 2009--14,000
2. By Dec. 2010--10,000
3. By Dec. 2011-- 6,000
4. By Dec. 2012-- 1,500
5. Exempt--------- 1 to 1,499
Possible TTT to upgrade to minimum
94 or 98

100
Dual Path/Fast Track

Carl Moyer Funds
Retrofits------- 2000 to 2006
Re-powers---- Project Specific
Longer Project Life
Replacement-None via Carl Moyer
Any retrofitted class 8 heavy duty vehicle will
be grandfathered into the 2014 ARB Private Fleet
Rule as long as it remains in good working order
Bond Funds
Triangular Truck Trade
Replace-- 1994-1999 with 2007
Swap----- 1994-1999 (Trade Dn.)
Scrap----- 19??-1993

101
Fleet Information

Trucks Year Miles Aver. Fuel
1 88 6,000 857 PM-0.60 NOx-6.00
1 98 7,600 1,189
PM-0.10 NOx-4.00
5 99-07 --?-- 12,000

102
BTU Comparison
The term British Thermal Unit, BTU is used to
describe the heat value (energy content) of fuels.
.075 25 76 87 100
103
The End
104
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105
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106
LNG Fuel Tank
a. Fuel tank costs 6,000.00 dollars b. Fuel tank
must be installed at different facility. OEM
will not accept liability for tank c. Fuel is
-240 to -250 degrees d. When fueling, driver must
wear GLOVES FACE PROTECTION
107
CNG Vehicles
108
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109
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110
CNG CYLINDERS
111
Roll Off Box
112
Storage compartment for two ultra-capacitors which
provide electricity during high demand.
1. Bus has a Ford V-10 gasoline engine
which turns a generator that provides the
electricity to power the vehicle. 2. Gasoline
engine runs at a consistent speed to turn the
generator. Acceleration is handled by the
electric side. Consistent gas engine operating
speed reduces the pollution factor. 3. Higher
gasoline engine RPM needs come from highway use
where the electricity needs are greater that the
storage capability of the bus. 4. Hybrid buses
are 3 times cleaner that natural gas buses.
113
Table of ContentsMaster

1. New Technology
2. Air Quality Rules Players
3. Cleaning the Air
4. Funding Sources
5. Triangular Trade Concept
6. Conversions Model Criteria
7. Comparisons
8. Fleet Analysis
9. Executive Summary

114
Table of Contents

General Information
A. Presentation Criteria------------------------
2
B. Truck Life Phases--------------------------- 3
C. Cars vs. Trucks------------------------------
4
1. New Technology
a. Retrofit Device Information----------- 10-15
b. Tire Technology- ----------------------------
16
c. Auxiliary Power Units---------------------- 17
-18
2. Air Quality Rules and Players
a. Quiz-Pollution Contribution------------- 22
b. Where Do They Come From------------- 23
c. How Are They Who Administered----- 24
d. ARB Proposed Private Fleet Rule----- 25-28
e. Engine Model Year Changes------------ 29
f. Zones-----------------------------------------
--- 30
g. Zone Discussion----------------------------- 3
1-32
h. Federal Emissions Limits----------------- 33-3
6
3. Cleaning the Air
a. 3 Scenarios-----------------------------------
- 38-40

115

e. 6 Year Fleet Mod. Budget Plan------ 44-47
f. Tax Consequences--------------------- 48
5. The Triangular Trade Concept
a. Mission Statement---------------------- 50
b. Triangular Trade Players-------------- 51
c. Player Responsibilities----------------- 52-55
d. 60 of What------------------------------ 56
e. Issues-------------------------------------- 5
7-58
6. Conversion Model Criteria
a. Grams Per Ton-------------------------- 60
b. Engine Criteria--------------------------- 60
c. Driving Criteria--------------------------- 60
d. Grams To Tons-------------------------- 61
7. Comparisons
a. Moyer Re-power Project--------------- 64
b. Triangular Trade Scenario------------ 65

116

8. Fleet Analysis
a. Actual Fleet Retrofit Scenario------- 72
b. Recommendations--------------------- 73
c. Comparison-2005---------------------- 74-75
d. Comparison-2005 vs. 2006---------- 76-77
e. Comparison-05, 06, 07-------------- 78
f. Miles Traveled Misperception-------- 79-83
g. Truck Life Phases----------------------- 84
9. ARB Private Fleet Rule
a. Proposal----------------------------------- 85
-89
10. BTU Comparison/Alt Fuel Veh.
a. BTU Comparison------------------------ 91
b. Caterpiller Cummins 07 Engs.--- 92-93
c. LNG Fuel Tank-------------------------- 92
d. CNG Vehicles---------------------------- 95-99
e. Hybrid Vehicle---------------------------- 100

117

8. Fleet Analysis
a. Actual Fleet Retrofit Scenario------- 72
b. Recommendations--------------------- 73
c. Comparison-2005---------------------- 74-75
d. Comparison-2005 vs. 2006---------- 76-77
e. Comparison-05, 06, 07-------------- 78
f. Miles Traveled Misperception-------- 79-83
g. Truck Life Phases----------------------- 84
9. ARB Private Fleet Rule
a. Proposal----------------------------------- 85
-89
10. BTU Comparison/Alt Fuel Veh.
a. BTU Comparison------------------------ 91
b. Caterpiller Cummins 07 Engs.--- 92-93
c. LNG Fuel Tank-------------------------- 92
d. CNG Vehicles---------------------------- 95-99
e. Hybrid Vehicle---------------------------- 100

118
Federal Diesel EngineEmissions Limits

The next three slides show
1. The engine model year changes
2. Their respective MAXIMUM (PM) (NOx)
EMISSIONS LIMITS
3. Those limits represented In Grams per
Horse Power Hour
4. The percentage of emissions reduction
relative to 1987.
5. The percentage of emissions reduction
relative to each model year change.

119
3 Scenarios

There are three ways to clean the air where
mobile source on/off road diesel vehicles are
concerned.
1. Existing Funding
a. The Carl Moyer Program
b. New-Bond Money
2. UNFUNDED MANDATE
CARB-New Private Fleet Rule
3. FUNDED PROJECT
New Triangular Truck Trade Concept

120

2. UNFUNDED MANDATE
CARB-New Private Fleet Rule
1. Would put all the financial burden on the
trucking industry.
2. Would add to the existing ARB Mandated
California Only Aromatic Fuel Standard.
3. The Aromatic Fuel Standard has done two
things for the State of California.
a. Forced an Interstate/Intrastate
competitive disadvantage, FUEL PRICES
b. Interstate trucks fuel out of the state
with NON CARB fuel
c. Costs the State of California
i. Fuel tax revenues
ii. Air quality standards

121

4. The Private Fleet Rule mandate would
a. Add an INTRASTATE competitive disadvantage
due to existing Moyer funded retrofit and
re-power projects
b. Could be POWERLESS to ask the same of
Interstate carriers.
3. FUNDED PROJECT
New Triangular Trade Concept
1. State and industry participation
2. SWAP, SCRAP, REPLACE vehicles
3. This new concept would
a. Would effect more vehicles than Carl
Moyer

122
CTA Thoughts

1. Institute a multi-year Private Fleet Rule
implementation plan similar to the ARB Refuse
Rule pictured below. Possible effective
dates-2009/2015?

123
Dual Path/Fast Track

Carl Moyer Funds
Retrofits------- 2000 to 2006
Re-powers---- Project Specific
Longer Project Life
Replacement-None via Carl Moyer
Any retrofitted class 8 heavy duty vehicle will
be grandfathered into the 2014 ARB Private Fleet
Rule as long as it remains in good working order
Bond Funds
Triangular Truck Trade
Replace-- 1994-1999 with 2007
Swap----- 1994-1999 (Trade Dn.)
Scrap----- 19??-1993

124
CaliforniaTrucking Association--Discussion--
Fleet Modernization--Concept--Triangular
Truck Trade
125
Fleet ModernizationDual Path/Fast TrackMission
Statement

1. Determine Best Case Scenarios for the 3 Rs,
a. Re-powering
b. Retrofitting
c. Replacing-Fleet Modernization
that will
d. AFFECT AIR QUALITY THE MOST
e. AND TAX PAYERS THE LEAST
The current Carl Moyer Program is failing at
both of these directives.
2. Combine
a. REFINED Carl Moyer Program and Funding
b. Triangular Truck Trade and Bond Funds
3. Will achieve
a. Faster solution to the air pollution problem
in the State of California

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Dual Path/Fast Track

Carl Moyer Funds
Retrofits------- 2000 to 2006
Re-powers---- Project Specific
Longer Project Life
Replacement-None via Carl Moyer
Any retrofitted Class 8 Heavy Duty Diesel vehicle
must be grandfathered into the 2014 ARB Private
Fleet Rule as long as it remains in good working
order
Bond Funds
Triangular Truck Trade
Replace-- 1994-1999 with 2007
Swap----- 1994-1999 (Trade Dn.)
Scrap----- 19??-1993

127

CARB
Proposed
Private Fleet Rule
Phase-In Time Schedule
By 2014
All Class 8 Heavy Duty trucks must meet 2004
engine standards retrofit device or be PHASED
OUT
a. By Dec. 2009-1965/1994
b. By Dec. 2010-1995/1997
c. By Dec. 2011-1998/1999
d. By Dec. 2012-2000/2002
e. By Dec. 2013-2003-2006

128
Fleet Information

Trucks Year Miles Aver. Fuel
1 88 6,000 857 PM-0.60 NOx-6.00
1 98 7,600 1,189
PM-0.10 NOx-4.00
5 99-07 --?-- 12,000
Miles Traveled Misperception section- pg. 22,
slides 85-92
Fuel Used Alternative Phase In Schedule pg. 25,
slide 99

129
SummaryMoyer/Triangular Truck Trade
Carl Moyer Project-page 18, slide 70 1-17 year
old truck re-powered Triangular Truck Trade
Project -page 18, slide 71 1-17 year old truck
scrapped 1-9 year old truck replaced 17 yr. old
truck 1-new truck replaced 9 year old
truck Triangular Truck Trade Process-pgs.
14-15, slides 53-59 Pollution Reduction Model
explanation-page 17, slides 65-68
130
Cost Match AnalysisRetrofit vs. Triangular Trade