Aircraft%20Airworthiness - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

Aircraft%20Airworthiness

Description:

The pilot is ultimately responsible! As a pilot, you need to understand this. ... You are ultimately responsible for the condition of the aircraft that you operate. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:253
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 44
Provided by: gregoryc
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Aircraft%20Airworthiness


1
Aircraft Airworthiness
  • How does this affect you?

2
My Background
  • FAA Inspector since 1995
  • Graduate of FAA Approved AP School
  • IA since 1981
  • Started career at flight school in Minnesota
  • Chief Inspector for 135, 141, and 145.
  • DOM for 135
  • Taught at AP 147 School
  • DME

3
Who is responsible for Airworthiness?
  • This is a shared responsibility.
  • The pilot is ultimately responsible!
  • As a pilot, you need to understand this.
  • As a flight instructor, you need to make sure
    that your students understand this.
  • Operating rules prohibit the operation of an
    aircraft that is not airworthy.

4
 91.3   Responsibility and authority of the pilot
in command.
  • (a) The pilot in command of an aircraft is
    directly responsible for, and is the final
    authority as to, the operation of that aircraft.

5
91.7   Civil Aircraft Airworthiness
  • (a) No person may operate a civil aircraft unless
    it is in an airworthy condition.
  • (b) The pilot in command of a civil aircraft is
    responsible for determining whether that aircraft
    is in condition for safe flight. The pilot in
    command shall discontinue the flight when
    unairworthy mechanical, electrical, or structural
    conditions occur.

6
91.403   General.
  • (a) The owner or operator of an aircraft is
    primarily responsible for maintaining that
    aircraft in an airworthy condition, including
    compliance with part 39 of this chapter.
  • (b) No person may perform maintenance, preventive
    maintenance, or alterations on an aircraft other
    than as prescribed in this subpart and other
    applicable regulations, including part 43 of this
    chapter.
  • (c) No person may operate an aircraft for which a
    manufacturer's maintenance manual or instructions
    for continued airworthiness has been issued that
    contains an airworthiness limitations section
    unless the mandatory replacement times,
    inspection intervals, and related procedures
    specified in that section or alternative
    inspection intervals and related procedures set
    forth in an operations specification approved by
    the Administrator under part 121 or 135 of this
    chapter or in accordance with an inspection
    program approved under 91.409(e) have been
    complied with.

7
91.405   Maintenance required.
  • Each owner or operator of an aircraft
  • (a) Shall have that aircraft inspected as
    prescribed in subpart E of this part and shall
    between required inspections, except as provided
    in paragraph (c) of this section, have
    discrepancies repaired as prescribed in part 43
    of this chapter
  • (b) Shall ensure that maintenance personnel make
    appropriate entries in the aircraft maintenance
    records indicating the aircraft has been approved
    for return to service
  • (c) Shall have any inoperative instrument or item
    of equipment, permitted to be inoperative by
    91.213(d)(2) of this part, repaired, replaced,
    removed, or inspected at the next required
    inspection and
  • (d) When listed discrepancies include inoperative
    instruments or equipment, shall ensure that a
    placard has been installed as required by 43.11
    of this chapter.

8
91.407   Operation after maintenance, preventive
maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration.
  • (a) No person may operate any aircraft that has
    undergone maintenance, preventive maintenance,
    rebuilding, or alteration unless
  • (1) It has been approved for return to service by
    a person authorized under 43.7 of this chapter
    and
  • (2) The maintenance record entry required by
    43.9 or 43.11, as applicable, of this chapter
    has been made.
  • (b) No person may carry any person (other than
    crewmembers) in an aircraft that has been
    maintained, rebuilt, or altered in a manner that
    may have appreciably changed its flight
    characteristics or substantially affected its
    operation in flight until an appropriately rated
    pilot with at least a private pilot certificate
    flies the aircraft, makes an operational check of
    the maintenance performed or alteration made, and
    logs the flight in the aircraft records.
  • (c) The aircraft does not have to be flown as
    required by paragraph (b) of this section if,
    prior to flight, ground tests, inspection, or
    both show conclusively that the maintenance,
    preventive maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration
    has not appreciably changed the flight
    characteristics or substantially affected the
    flight operation of the aircraft.

9
Responsibility may be shared, MAYBE.
  • Depending on who youre working for, you may have
    a partner in the responsibility for
    airworthiness.
  • Shared responsibility is limited.
  • You are ultimately responsible for the condition
    of the aircraft that you operate.
  • Will your partner stand up for you?
  • Choose your partners carefully.

10
43.5   Approval for return to service after
maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding,
or alteration.
  • No person may approve for return to service any
    aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller,
    or appliance, that has undergone maintenance,
    preventive maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration
    unless
  • (a) The maintenance record entry required by
    43.9 or 43.11, as appropriate, has been made
  • (b) The repair or alteration form authorized by
    or furnished by the Administrator has been
    executed in a manner prescribed by the
    Administrator and
  • (c) If a repair or an alteration results in any
    change in the aircraft operating limitations or
    flight data contained in the approved aircraft
    flight manual, those operating limitations or
    flight data are appropriately revised and set
    forth as prescribed in 91.9 of this chapter.

11
14 CFR 141.39   Aircraft.
  • An applicant for a pilot school certificate or
    provisional pilot school certificate must show
    that each aircraft used by that school for flight
    training and solo flights meets the following
    requirements
  • (a) Each aircraft must be registered as a civil
    aircraft in the United States
  • (b) Each aircraft must be certificated with a
    standard airworthiness certificate or a primary
    airworthiness certificate, unless the
    Administrator determines that due to the nature
    of the approved course, an aircraft not having a
    standard airworthiness certificate or primary
    airworthiness certificate may be used
  • (c) Each aircraft must be maintained and
    inspected in accordance with the requirements
    under subpart E of part 91 of this chapter that
    apply to aircraft operated for hire
  • (d) Each aircraft used in flight training must
    have at least two pilot stations with
    engine-power controls that can be easily reached
    and operated in a normal manner from both pilot
    stations and
  • (e) Each aircraft used in a course involving IFR
    en route operations and instrument approaches
    must be equipped and maintained for IFR
    operations. For training in the control and
    precision maneuvering of an aircraft by reference
    to instruments, the aircraft may be equipped as
    provided in the approved course of training.

12
Airworthiness Defined
  • Two conditions must be met before an aircraft can
    be considered airworthy
  • The aircraft must conform to its type certificate
    (TC) that is, when the aircraft configuration
    and the components installed are consistent with
    the drawing, specifications, and other data that
    are part of the TC, and include any supplemental
    TC and field-approved alterations incorporated
    into the aircraft.
  • The aircraft must be in condition for safe
    operation this refers to the condition of the
    aircraft relative to wear and deterioration.

13
AIRWORTHY MEANS AN AIRCRAFT MEETS ITS TYPE
DESIGN AND IS IN A CONDITION FOR SAFE OPERATION.
THIS DEFINITION IS TAKEN FROM PUBLIC LAW 103-272,
PREVIOUSLY THE FEDERAL AVIATION ACT OF 1958, AND
IS ALSO FOUND ON THE FACE OF EACH AIRCRAFT'S
STANDARD AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATE.
14
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION
ADMINISTRATION
STANDARD AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATE
1. NATIONALITY AND REGISTRATION MARKS
2. MANUFACTURER AND MODEL
3. AIRCRAFT SERIAL NUMBER
4. CATEGORY
N12345
Boeing 747-400
197142
Transport
5. AUTHORITY AND BASIS FOR ISSUE This
airworthiness certificate is issued pursuant to
the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 and certifies
that as of the date of issuance, the aircraft to
which issued has been inspected and found to
conform to the type certificate, therefor, to be
in condition for safe operation, and has been
shown to meet the requirements of the applicable
comprehensive and detailed airworthiness code as
provided by Annex 8 to the Convention on
International Civil Aviation, except as noted
herein
EXEMPTION NO. 1013A FAR 25.471(b) Allows
lateral displacement of C.G. from airplane
centerline.
6. TERMS AND CONDITIONS Unless sooner
surrendered, suspended, revoked, or a termination
date is otherwise established by the
Administrator, this airworthiness certificate is
effective as long as the maintenance, preventive
maintenance, and alterations are performed in
accordance with Parts 21, 43, and 91 of the
Federal Aviation Regulations, as appropriate, and
the aircraft is registered in the United States.
John Q. Publican
DATE OF ISSUANCE
FAA REPRESENTATIVE
DESIGNATION NUMBER
11/29/92
DMIR ANM 1234
John Q. Publican
Any alteration, reproduction, or misuse of this
certificate may be punishable by a fine not
exceeding 1,000, or imprisonment not exceeding
3 years, or both. THIS CERTIFICATE MUST BE
DISPLAYED IN THE AIRCRAFT IN ACCORDANCE WITH
APPLICABLE FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS.
FAA Form 8100-2
15
5. AUTHORITY AND BASIS FOR ISSUE This
airworthiness certificate is issued pursuant to
the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 and certifies
that, as of the date of issuance, the aircraft to
which issued has been inspected and found to
conform to the type certificate therefor, to be
in condition for safe operation, and has been
shown to meet the requirements of the applicable
comprehensive and detailed airworthiness code as
provided by Annex 8 to the Convention on
International Civil Aviation, except as
noted. Exceptions NONE
6. TERMS AND CONDITIONS Unless sooner
surrendered, suspended, revoked, or a termination
date is otherwise established by the
Administrator, this airworthiness certificate is
effective as long as the maintenance, preventive
maintenance, and alterations are performed in
accordance with Parts 21, 43, and 91 of the
Federal Aviation Regulations, as appropriate, and
the aircraft is registered in the United States.
16
A TYPE CERTIFICATE IS A DOCUMENT ISSUED BY THE
FAA TO AN APPLICANT WHO HAS PROVEN THAT THEIR
AIRCRAFT, ENGINE, OR PROPELLER MEETS ALL
APPLICABLE AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS PERTAINING TO
THAT PRODUCT.
FAR 23 - NORMAL, UTILITY, AND ACROBATIC
CATEGORY AIRPLANES FAR 25 - TRANSPORT CATEGORY
AIRPLANES FAR 33 - AIRCRAFT ENGINES FAR 35 -
PROPELLERS
17
What is a repair?
  • A repair restores the aircraft to its original
    unaltered or properly altered condition.
  • Repairs must be accomplished in accordance with
    the manufacturers maintenance instructions or
    standard practices acceptable to the
    Administrator.
  • Major repairs must be accomplished in accordance
    with approved data.

18
Major vs. Minor Repair
  • Major Repair.  A repair that fits one or more of
    the following
  • (1) Might appreciably affect airworthiness by
    changing weight, balance, structural strength,
    performance, powerplant operation, or flight
    characteristics if improperly done or
  • (2) Is not done according to accepted practices
    or cannot be done by elementary operations.
  • Minor Repair. Any repair that is not classified
    as a major repair.

19
MAJOR REPAIRS AND MAJOR ALTERATIONS
  • Major Repair means a repair
  • That, if improperly done, might appreciably
    affect weight, balance, structural strength,
    performance, powerplant operation, flight
    characteristics, or other qualities affecting
    airworthiness or
  • That is not done according to accepted practices
    or cannot be done by elementary operations.

20
Special Flight Permits
  • An aircraft that does not currently meet
    applicable airworthiness requirements may be
    operated if it is capable of safe flight.
  • May be issued to fly an aircraft to a base where
    repairs, alterations, or maintenance are to be
    performed, or to a point of storage.
  • Subject or operating limitations.

21
(No Transcript)
22
1. The flight described above shall be made
under VFR/VMC day conditions only, (unless the
additional limitation below authorizes
differently). The flight shall be made by the
most direct and expeditious route consistent with
the aircraft operating limitations and weather.
FAR 91.707 requires that a Flight Plan be filed
for flights between the USA and Canada or
Mexicono waiver available. 2. Occupancy of the
aircraft is limited to the pilot, essential
flight crew required to operate the aircraft and
its equipment and personal baggage. 3. Flight
over congested areas is prohibited, and takeoffs
and landings shall be conducted to avoid
congested areas in the vicinity of any of the
airports used in conjunction with this
authorization. Flight over a foreign country
must have special permission from that
country. 4. Prior to flight, the aircraft must
be inspected by a certificated mechanic or repair
station to determine the aircraft is safe for the
intended flight. The result of that inspection
will be entered in the permanent aircraft records
with the following similarly worded statement
This aircraft has been inspected and has been
found safe for the intended flight in accordance
with Special Flight Permit dated February 2,
2006.
23
The Grey Area
  • Manufacturers maintenance instructions may be
    limited in content and detail.
  • Individual interpretation or understanding of the
    term airworthy may vary.
  • You may consider the aircraft to be safe, but
    does it qualify as airworthy?
  • Use your resources. Ask questions.
  • Always be in a defendable position.

24
What to look for
  • Verify that scheduled maintenance requirements
    are current.
  • Verify that there are no open discrepancies
    (unscheduled).
  • Verify that maintenance record entries have been
    made.
  • Do a good preflight.

25
Scheduled Maintenance
  • Required inspections (annual/100 hr.)
  • Replacement of life limited components
  • Altimeter/Transponder Certifications
  • ELT battery replacement
  • ELT annual check
  • Airworthiness Directives
  • All of these are predictable

26
Flying Clubs
  • Legal Interpretation 2000-2
  • If a student furnishes an airplane which is not
    operated for hire and he/she hires the flight
    instructor, there is no requirement to accomplish
    100 hour inspections.
  • 100 hour inspections are required if you provide
    flight instruction for hire and also provide the
    aircraft.

27
Unscheduled Maintenance
  • Line gripes
  • How are they reported?
  • Who decides what gets repaired?
  • Can repair of the item be deferred?
  • Has it been repaired or deferred properly?
  • Has it been recorded properly?

28
FAR 91.417 (a) MAINTENANCE RECORDS
  • Complete maintenance records should contain the
    following

Aircraft Logbook
29
  • Records of the maintenance, preventive
    maintenance, alterations, 100 hour, annual,
    progressive and other required or approved
    inspections, as appropriate.
  • Total time in service for the aircraft, each
    engine, each propeller, and each rotor.
  • Current status of life-limited parts.
  • Time since last required overhaul.

30
  • The current status of applicable Airworthiness
    Directives (A.D.)
  • Copies of FAA Form 337 for any major alterations
    performed.

31
FAR 91.417 (b)(1)
  • The Owner or Operator shall retain all
    maintenance records for 1 year after the work is
    performed or until the work is repeated or
    superseded by other work.

32
FAR 91.417 (b)(2)
  • After one year, some maintenance records do not
    have to be retained.
  • For the most part, this only pertains to repairs
    and unscheduled maintenance.
  • All other records must be retained and
    transferred with the aircraft at the time the
    aircraft is sold.

33
ADVISORY CIRCULAR 43-9B
  • It is a shared responsibility by the Owner /
    Operator and Maintenance persons, with the
    ultimate responsibility to the Owner / Operator
    by FAR 91.

34
RETURN TO SERVICE
  • No person may operate an aircraft, airframe,
    engine, propeller, or appliance on which
    maintenance, preventive maint., or an alteration
    has been performed unless

35
FAR 43.5 AND FAR 91.407
  • It has been approved for return to service by a
    person authorized in FAR 43.
  • Maintenance record entries completed.
  • Form 337 completed.
  • Flight manual revisions, as required.

36
FAR 43.9 RECORD ENTRIES
  • Maintenance Records (except for inspections)
    shall contain the following information

37
  • A description (or reference to data) of work
    performed.
  • The date of completion of the work.
  • The name of the person performing the work if
    other than specified below.
  • The signature, certificate number, and kind of
    certificate held by the person approving the work.

38
DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED
  • The description should be in sufficient detail to
    permit a person unfamiliar with the work to
    understand what was done, and the
    methods and procedures used in doing it.
    FAR 91.417 Maint. Records.

39
FAR 43.11, RECORD ENTRIES FOR INSPECTIONS
  • The person approving or disapproving for return
    to service after any inspection performed IAW
    Part 91, 123, 125, 135 shall make an entry in
    the maintenance record the following

40
  • The type of inspection and a brief description of
    the extent of the insp.
  • The date of the inspection and the total time in
    service.
  • The signature, the certificate number, the kind
    of certificate held by the person approving or
    disapproving for return to service.

41
  • I certify that this aircraft has been inspected
    in accordance with (insert type) inspection and
    was determined to be in airworthy condition.
  • Richard W.Rhuda AP123456789IA

42
Sample Logbook Entry
  • N123A Tach/Hobbs ACTT
  •  
  • Enter the type of inspection(s) performed
  • Enter accomplishment of all A.D.s including the
    number, revision date, method of compliance, and
    if recurring, the next time/date it is due.
  • Enter replacement or inspection of any component
    part with Airworthiness Limitations (include
    part, serial number, and total time in service
    for that component).
  • Enter removal and installation of any serialized
    component replacement parts
  • (include part, serial number, and total time in
    service for that component).
  • Enter description of any other general
    maintenance performed.
  • I certify that all work was performed in
    accordance with current Federal Aviation
    Regulations and manufacturers maintenance
    instructions.
  •  
  • ______________________ _________________________
    _ ____________
  • Signature Certificate Date

43
(No Transcript)
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com