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Low noise road surfaces : current practices in Europe

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Title: Low noise road surfaces : current practices in Europe


1
Low noise road surfaces current practices in
Europe
2nd Workshop Brussels, 24 march
2009 Recommendations for future harmonised
European policies
Fabienne Anfosso-Lédée LCPC, France
2
Noise in TYROSAFE
TYROSAFE Tire and Road Surface Optimisation for
Skid Resistance and Further Effects
3
Noise an environmental problem
EC Green Paper on Future Noise Policy, 1996
  • 20 of EU population (80 M) exposed to
    unacceptable noise levels
  • annual costs caused by noise pollution estimated
    between 0.2 and 2 of GPD
  • Road transport noise is the dominant source (90
    of the EC population exposed to noise levels gt 65
    dB(A)).
  • EC regulations of noise sources since the 1970s
  • Result limited effect after 25 years
  • Traffic growth
  • Longer periods of high noise emission
  • More roads and spread of built areas etc

4
Noise an environmental problem
  • EC Directive 2002/49/EC
  • Noise mapping for major cities and large
    transportation infrastructure gtgt need relevant
    noise emission models
  • Action plans
  • gtgt need low noise
  • emission solutions
  • MS designate competent authorities for drawing
    up and adopting maps and action plans
  • MS set ambient noise limits

5
Noise a difficult problem
  • National regulations to protect the residents
  • Different noise indicators LAeq, Lden, LAmax
  • Different legal thresholds
  • Different application schemes calculation, check
    by measurements
  • Usually based on noise immission (emission
    propagation)

6
Road noise emission
Technical
  • Different tools to reduce road noise emission
  • improve vehicle / tire conception
  • Improve road surface conception
  • Build noise barriers
  • Traffic management speed limits, reduce traffic
    volume (re-routing), increase fluidity

7
Legislation on road noise emission
8
Low noise pavements need for requirements ?
9
Tire/Road noise emission
  • Tire/road noise mitigation the current practice
    in EU

10
Measurement methods
Statistical Pass-By (SPB) tire-road noise
measurements
International standard ISO 11819-1 1997
(currently under revision)
1,2 m
7,5 m
Limits... Ø restrictive site conditions Ø spot
measurement
11
Characterization of low noise pavements
Close Proximity (CPX) tire-road noise measurements
International standard Pr ISO 11819-2 under
draft Need (a) reference tire(s) Pr ISO
Technical Specification 11819-3 under draft
  • need further comparison of devices
  • a relationship with SPB is missing

12
Low noise road surfaces
  • Max range 10 dB(A)
  • Effect of
  • grading
  • porosity
  • Important dispersion within a pavement type

SPB French data base, LCPC Strasbourg (Passenger
Cars _at_ 90 km/h and 20C)
13
Low noise road surfaces
  • Several techniques available
  • Porous pavements, single or double layers
  • Thin semi-porous layers with small aggregate size
  • Rubber asphalts

Very Thin AC
Porous AC
Dense A.C.
Expected efficiency in practice 3 5 dB(A)
average benefit of pavement replacement at
initial stage
14
Low noise road surfaces
Problem of ageing of acoustic performance of low
noise road surfaces
Example of Porous Asphalt Concrete 0/10 (French
data base)
15
Classification of low noise surfaces
It is difficult to compare road surfaces in EU !
  • No common names (definition) of pavement products
  • No common definition of low noise surfaces
  • ? performance indicator RSI (UK), Cwegdek (NL),
    Lm25 (D), LCPX (DK, Fin), LAmax (F),LMA (A),
    LAeq(24h) (S)
  • ? classification procedures. Active
    classification scheme in 4 countries D, DK, NL,
    UK

16
Classification of low noise surfaces
EU Members with a noise classification system of
road pavements (results from a questionnaire in
TYROSAFE, set of 15 countries)
17
Noise classification procedure
Active systems in 4 European countries
  • Germany
  • Active since 1981
  • Based on CPB/SPB measurements
  • Passenger cars _at_120 km/h
  • Reference indicator Lm(25) nicht geriffelter
    Gussasphalt
  • Min. 5 sites
  • Netherlands
  • Based on SPB measurements, 5 m high
  • Reference indicator Cwegdek, reference pavement
    DAC 0/16
  • Car trucks, with different reference speeds
    according to roads
  • Average on 5 worksites if within 2 dB(A)

18
Noise classification procedure
  • U.K. (HAPAS)
  • Based on SPB measurements
  • Reference indicator RSI difference between
    the traffic noise level calculated from SPB tests
    and the theoretical level for the reference
    surface
  • Reference surface newly-laid 20 mm Hot Rolled
    Asphalt.
  • Reference speeds for PC trucks according to
    road high speed (110/90 km/h) or medium speed
    (80/70 km/h)
  • Min. 2 sites
  • Danemark
  • Based on CPX measurements
  • 5 classes ranging from A (particularly good) to E
    (no noise reduction)
  • Reference speeds 50 km/h and 80 km/h

19
Noise classification procedure
  • SILVIA / INQUEST (EU-FP5) classification scheme
  • CLASSIFICATION SPB
  • texture
  • CPX (for SPB spot assessment and further COP
    checks)
  • sound absorption
  • COP Check CPX after 2 months
  • texture absorption
  • MONITORING CPX

20
COP test procedure
EU members where noise specifications are
introduced in tendering procedures (set of 15)
EU Members where a procedure for COP of acoustic
properties is active (set of 15)
  • ? specifications, limits, requirements
  • ? indicators
  • ? methods for checking CPX, SPB, LAeq
  • ? periods of guarantee and ? penalties

21
Conclusions
  • Measurement methods
  • Existing (relative) consensus on 2 methods SPB
    and CPX
  • CPX, SBP, but also proxi method needs to be
    further developed and validated
  • Harmonised Noise Classification of road surfaces
    do we need one ?
  • Harmonised COP test procedure do we need one ?
  • How to integrate evolution over time of
    performances ?
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