Introduction to Green Buildings

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Introduction to Green Buildings LEED
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Defining Sustainability

• United Nations World Commission on Environment
  and Development
• Development that meets the needs of present
  generations without compromising the ability of
  future generations to meet their own needs.

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Defining Green Buildings

• Design and construction practices that
  significantly reduce, or eliminate the negative
  impact of buildings on the environment and its
  occupants with regard to site planning
  safeguarding water use and water use efficiency
  promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy
  conserving materials and resources and promoting
  indoor environmental quality. (US Green
  Building Council)

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Construction Impacts

• 76 million residential buildings in US
• 5 million commercial buildings in US
• consume 40 or raw materials
• 32 total energy produced
• 17 fresh water
• 25 global wood harvest
• 5 billion gals water/day just for toilets
• generates
• 25-40 of municipal solid waste from CD
• 50 of US CFC production
• 30 of US CO2 production

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Building Operations Impacts

• 49 of Sulfur Dioxide emissions
• 25 nitrous oxide emissions
• 10 of all particulate matter
• 1/3 of all energy consumption in US
• 2/3 of all electricity consumption in US
• disturbs natural habitats
• contaminates air, soil, and water
• depletes non-renewable resources
• ½ of greenhouse gases
• 35 of carbon dioxide emissions
• community issues
• occupant issues
• sources The Architecture of Sustainability,
  2002, World Watch Institute, USGBC

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Key Issues and Benefits

• Institution
• Building Commissioning
• Air Quality
• Occupants productivity and well being
• Energy Conservation
• Water Conservation
• Storm Water Management
• Waste Management
• Local State Standards Programs

• Green ethics / commitment
• Research and Grant opportunities
• Being a leader (as it should)
• Responsibility to show importance
• Competitive advantage (ie recruiting)
• Institutional community demand
• Great public relations

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Overall Financial Benefits

• Energy
• Water
• Wastewater
• Reduced Waste
• Improved Indoor Environmental Quality
• Greater Employee Comfort/Productivity
• Reduced Employee Health Costs

• Lower Operation and Maintenance Costs
• Competitive First Costs
• Through integrated design synergies
• Increased Value ROI
• Marketing Advantage
• Reduced Liability
• Improve Risk Management
• Insurance costs

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Overall Financial Benefits

• Financial Benefits of a Green Building equate to
  50-70 SF over lifetime
• Over 10X return on any premium cost associated
  with building it over lifetime
• Source USGBC

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Air Quality

• Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) effect the contents of
  the inside air has on a structure and its
  occupants
• People spend 90 of their time indoors
• Indoor air has 10-100X higher pollutants than
  outdoor air
• USEPA Indoor Air Quality Jan, 6 2003

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Energy Conservation

• US uses 25 of world energy but only has 5 of
  population 95 of our energy is from fossil
  fuels (US Energy Information Administration)
• Higher Education - 2 Billion/year on energy
• (American School University)
• Most can reduce by up to 30 - savings can be
  used on
• New faculty
• Upgrades/renovations for more savings
• New programs

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Water Conservation

• USA uses 340 billion gallons of fresh water per
  day
• Nearly 65 is discharged into waterways
• Energy Policy Act of 1992
• Facilities can easily reduce use by 20-30 with
  little cost and effort
• Water Sewer Bills
• Connection Fees Tax Base

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Occupants Well Being and Productivity

• Relationship exists between worker
  comfort/productivity and building
  design/operation
• Hidden sick days higher absenteeism,
  respiratory ailments, allergies, asthma lower
  productivity, higher insurance and medical costs
• A 1 increase in productivity (about 5 minutes
  per day) equals 600-700 per employee per year -
  a 1.5 equals about 1,000/yr
• (Katz 2003 study)

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Mythology About First Costs

• Common Perception when we started was 20-30
• Past Current Trend
• Recent Studies
• Average Premium lt2 or 3-5 SF
• Most of cost associated with increased
  architectural and engineering design, time,
  modeling and integration time
• Earlier you integrate the lower the cost

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Mythology About First Costs

• Source USGBC, Capital E Analysis

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Mythology About First Costs

• Another recent study has shown the following
  average increase in project construction costs,
  on a percentage basis for LEED certification.
• Certified 0 2.5
• Silver 0 3.3
• Gold 0.3 5.0
• Platinum 4.5 8.5
• Start Early Save Costs
• Source Sasaki Associates 2004

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Mythology About First Costs

• Building green can be done for no additional cost
• Initial premium costs are entirely up to you and
  project specific
• LEED buildings average only a 2-3 increase in
  costs, but can be done for the same budget as
  traditional buildings with planning
• Savings from green buildings more than return
  any premium you may choose to put into it
• Design Fees will be higher but construction costs
  may be reduced
• Set Budget first then work fees within framework

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General Mythologies

• Appearance of Green Buildings
• You design it to look how you want. It can
  easily match traditional campus design or not.
• Carpet, furniture and windows do not have to look
  different. They can look like traditional ones
  only they perform better and are healthier.
• Does not need to be high tech to be green.
• Time
• Green Buildings take the same amount of time to
  construct as regular buildings. More time may be
  required in the Design phase though.
• Costs
• Green Buildings do not have to cost more. With
  planning they can be built at the same price or
  less.
• Design fees may be higher in the beginning of the
  project but the extra design work will lower the
  actual construction costs. In the end the
  building costs the same and fits in the
  traditional budget.
• Normal 2 2 4
• Green 3 1 4
• Long term maintenance and operations costs can be
  reduced by 20 50 with good planning.

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Green Buildings at USC

• West Quad Residence Hall Learning Center
• School of Public Health
• Library Rare Books Collection Modern Political
  Wings
• Law School
• New Honors College
• Gamma Phi Beta Sorority
• New Student Health Center

• Baseball Stadium
• Horizon Buildings
• Biomedical Buildings
• Arnold II
• Band/Dance Building
• Innovista

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West Quad
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West Quad

• 30.9M project cost - 25M const. cost
• 177,000 SF - 141.24/sf
• SAME COST Time
• 502 bed spaces 4 buildings
• Residential, office, academic retail spaces
• Goal of LEED Silver Achieved

• Reduced Construction Change Order Costs
• 45-55 More Energy Efficient over 50,000
  savings annually
• 20 more Water Efficient 3900 savings
  annually
• Residents comment on improved health and
  productivity

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West Quad at USC

• Selected Green Project Particulars
• Designed to be 40 more energy efficient and to
  use 20 less water
• Green roof on Learning Center
• Fuel Cell for supplemental electricity hot
  water
• Solar pre-heating for domestic hot water
• Low VOC paints and carpets 100 Fresh Air
• Daylighting in all buildings
• Building orientation
• Light shelves for shading and natural lighting on
  southern exposures
• Light wells on Learning Center
• Green board in case good furnishings
• Total storm water management integration

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US Green Building Council (USGBC)

• Leadership in Energy
• Environmental Design
• (LEED)

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• USGBCs MISSION
• to promote the design and construction of
  buildings that are environmentally responsible,
  profitable, and healthy places to live and work.
• The organizations activities
• Integrate building industry sectors
• Lead market transformation
• Educate owners and practitioners

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• USGBC is...
• A national nonprofit organization
• A diverse membership of organizations
• Consensus-driven
• Committee-based product development
• Developer and administrator of the LEED Green
  Building Rating System

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What is Green Design?

• Design and construction practices that
  significantly reduce or eliminate the negative
  impact of buildings on the environment and
  occupants in five broad areas
• Sustainable site planning
• Safeguarding water and water efficiency
• Energy efficiency and renewable energy
• Conservation of materials and resources
• Indoor environmental quality

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Leadership in Energy Environmental Design
A leading-edge system for designing,
constructing, operating and certifying the
worlds greenest buildings.
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Why Was LEED Created?

• Use as a design guideline
• Recognize leaders
• Stimulate green competition
• Establish market value with recognizable national
  brand
• Raise consumer awareness
• Transform the marketplace!

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Why Was LEED Created?

• Facilitate positive results for the environment,
  occupant health and financial return
• Define green by providing a standard for
  measurement
• Prevent greenwashing (false or exaggerated
  claims)
• Promote whole-building, integrated design
  processes

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LEED-NC Market Transformation

• Registered Projects by State - Top 10

As of 05.02.05
All statistics exclude pilot projects
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LEED-NC Market Transformation

• Registered Projects by State - Top 10
• Where does the Southeast stand?
• Georgia 62
• South Carolina - 56
• North Carolina 42

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LEED-NC Point Distribution
Five LEED credit categories
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Resources

• www.usgbc.org US Green Building Council
• www.usgbc.org/Resources/links.asp - Extensive
  Resource List
• www.greenerbuildings.com
• The HOK Guidebook to Sustainable Design
• WWW.Oikos.com - bookstore
• www.iso.org ISO 14001 EMS
• www.epa.gov/ems/index.htm - EPAs EMS site
• www.doe.gov US DOEwww.epa.gov US EPA
• www.housing.sc.edu/westquadhandbook.asp - West
  Quad Handbook
• www.sc.edu/sustainableu - Sustainable
  Universities Initiative (SUI)
• www.buildinggreen.com Environmental Building
  News
• www.edcmag.com Environmental Design
  Construction
• www.gbapgh.org Green Building Alliance
• www.southface.org/web/earthcraft_house/ech_main/ec
  h_index.htm - Earth Craft Homes
• www.greenglobes.com Green Globes

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Contact Info

• Michael Koman Dr. Gene Luna
• Environmental Programs Manager Associate Vice
  President
• 1215 Blossom Street for Student Affairs
• Columbia, SC 29208 1215 Blossom St
• Columbia, SC 29208
• koman_at_sc.edu gene.luna_at_sc.edu
• 803-777-1986