Digital Cultural Heritage III Finding Aids and Analysis Tools in Archives and Memory Institutions AMSU Maastricht 11 July 2001

1
Digital Cultural Heritage
III Finding Aids and Analysis Tools
in Archives and Memory Institutions
AMSU Maastricht 11 July 2001

• Kim H. Veltman
• Maastricht McLuhan Institute

2
1. Introduction2. Virtual Reference Rooms3.
Finding Aids 4. Analysis Tools5. Dynamic
Knowledge 6. Augmented Culture
3
Knowledge Enduring Collaborative
Personal Libraries, Museums, Archives
Collective Memory Institutions
Virtual Reference Room
(Mobile) Access with cultural and
historical dimensions
4
Memory Institutions
Libraries Books Manuscripts
Museums Paintings Drawings Sculptures
Unstable Media Internet, Multimedia Interactuve
TV Interactive Video Kinetic, Performance Art
Archives Documents Letters Protocols
Broadcast Media Film Television Video
Access
5
Virtual Reference Rooms
6
Reference Rooms are the search engines of the
collective memory of mankind.
7
Quictionnnary
8
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
9
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
10
Prototype Virtual Reference Room Levels of
knowledge Pointers 1. Concept,
Word Classifications 2. Definitions
Dictionaries 3. Explanations Encyclopaedias
4. Titles Bibliographies 5. Partial
Contents Reviews, Abstracts
11
Prototype Virtual Library Levels of knowledge
Pointers 1. Concept, Word Classifications
2. Definitions Dictionaries 3.
Explanations Encyclopaedias 4.
Titles Bibliographies 5. Partial
Contents Reviews, Abstracts Sources 6. Full
Contents Interpretations 7. Internal Analyses
8. External Analyses 9.
Restorations 10. Reconstructions
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
Levels of Detail
15
Apple Hotsauce
16
Lyberworld by Mathhias Hemmje (GMD) based on
Stuart Card (Xerox Parc).
17
VINUS System (Japan)
18
Finding Aids
19
Memory Institutions
Libraries Books Manuscripts
Museums Paintings Drawings Sculptures
Unstable Media Internet, Multimedia Interactuve
TV Interactive Video Kinetic, Performance Art
Archives Documents Letters Protocols
Broadcast Media Film Television Video
Access
20
Traditional Libraries A 1. Concept,
Word Classification Systems 2. Definitions
Dictionaries 3. Explanations Encyclopaedias 4.
Titles Catalogues, Bibliographies 5. Partial
Contents Reviews, Abstracts 6. Full Contents
Primary Sources (Books, Paintings) 7. Internal
Analyses 8. External Analyses 9.
Restorations 10. Reconstructions
21
Global Bibliotheca Universalis OCLC Wor
ld Cat RLG EUREKA (Archival
Resources) Cultural Materials Initiative
Anne van Camp International DELOS
Network of Excellence on Digital Libraries
GABRIEL Gateway to Europes National Libraries
CoBRA Computerised Bibliographic Record
Actions MALVINE Manuscripts And Letters Via
Integrated Networks in Europe Gerhard
Budin LEAF Linking and Exploring Authority
Files National Global Info Digitale
Biliotheken http//portico.bl.uk/gabriel/biblioth
eca-universalis/index.htm http//www.oclc.org http
//www.rlg.org/culturalres/demo.html http//www.er
cim.org/delos/ http//portico.bl.uk/gabriel/en/wel
come.html http//portico.bl.uk/gabriel/cobra/ http
//www.sbb.spk-berlin.de/malvine/ http//www.onb.a
c.at/koop-litera/leaf/ http//www.dlib.org/dlib/a
pril99/04rusch-feja.html http//www.cg.cs.tu-bs.de
/DL
22
Global National Global Info Digitale
Biliotheken Elmar Mittler http//portico
.bl.uk/gabriel/bibliotheca-universalis/index.htm h
ttp//www.oclc.org http//www.rlg.org/culturalres/
demo.html http//www.ercim.org/delos/ http//porti
co.bl.uk/gabriel/en/welcome.html http//portico.bl
.uk/gabriel/cobra/ http//www.sbb.spk-berlin.de/ma
lvine/ http//www.onb.ac.at/koop-litera/leaf/
http//www.dlib.org/dlib/april99/04rusch-feja.htm
l http//www.cg.cs.tu-bs.de/DL
23
Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) WorldCat
(OCLC Online Union Catalog) includes - more
than 43 million unique bibliographic records -
750,000,000 individual books, items - 400
languages http//www.oclc.org/oclc/menu/colpr
o.htm
24
Research Libraries Group (RLG) Archival and
Mixed Collections AMC 601,195 Books
BKS 99,964,166 Computer Files
MDF 84,137 Maps MAP 546,067 Scores
SCO 1,723,442 Serials SER
5,887,411 Sound Recordings REC 1,981,037
Visual Materials VIM 571,369 http//www.r
lg.org/demoarr/index.html
25
National Global Info (Germany) I. Expansion
and processing content II. Networking of
instructional materials and multimedia III.
Formal description, identification and retrieval
IV. Content usage V. Business models,
billing and invoicing http//www.dlib.org/dlib/
april99/04rusch-feja.html
26
National Global Info (Germany) I. Electronic
document types, procedures for electronic
publishing from author to internal publisher,
editorial procedure to better manage electronic
publication, authoring tools, conversion aspects,
indexing, etc. II. Networking of instructional
materials and multimedia III. Description,
identification, metadata, and retrieval in
heterogenic data environments and subject
areas) IV. Development, structuring, and
conversion of scientific information systems V.
Business models and administrative procedures in
electronic publishing http//www.dlib.org/dlib/apr
il99/04rusch-feja.html
27
Traditional Libraries B 1. Concept,
Word Classification Systems 2. Definitions
Dictionaries 3. Explanations Encyclopaedias 4.
Titles Catalogues, Bibliographies 5. Partial
Contents Reviews, Abstracts 6. Full Contents
Primary Sources (Books, Paintings) 7. Internal
Analyses 8. External Analyses 9.
Restorations 10. Reconstructions
28
1. Classification Systems Wolfenbüttel 1600
s Göttingen 1700s Dewey 1876
Library of Congress 1901 6. Full Contents
(Primary Sources)
29
Classification Systems Universal Decimal
Classification 1904-1907 Otlet and
LaFontaine Primary Sources and Secondary
Sources
30
Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) Dewey
Decimal System (DDC) Library of Congress
Subject Headings (LCSH)
31
Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) Five
research areas to enhance DDC as online
organizing tool 1. developing customizable
views of the DDC 2. enhancing links to other
thesauri 3. improving links to other editions 4.
transforming the captions into end-user
language 5.decomposing numbers and using the
parts for improved access. Joan Mitchell, Diane
Vizine Goetz, Annual Review of OCLC Research,
1995. http//www.oclc.org/oclc/new/n239/feature/0
8feature.htm
32

• OCLC, Library of Congress and 100 institutions
• are developing a Collaborative Digital Reference
  Service (CDRS)
• - virtual reference desk with
• A reliable and authoritative knowledge navigation
  service
• A large searchable archive of authoritative
  answers
• Increased visibility and support for libraries
  everywhere.
• http//www.oclc.org/strategy/reference/cdrs/index.
  shtm

33
RLG Finding Aids are Collection Guides are
detailed inventories that reveal where a
collection came from, how it is arranged and what
it contains. http//www.rlg.org/demoarr/i
ndex.html
34

• DESIRE Development of a European Service for
  Information on Research and Education
• Traugott Koch
• List of Web-accessible classification systems and
  thesauri at
• http//www.ub2.lu.se/metadata/subject-help.html
  
• http//www.desire.org/

35
DESIRE Classification schemes can be broadly
divided into Type
Characteristics Examples Universal schemes
General (covering all subject areas)
Designed for worldwide usage DDC (Dewey Decimal
Classification) UDC (Universal
Decimal Classification) National
general General in subject
coverageschemes Usually designed for use
in a single
country/language community BC (Nederlandse
Basisclassificatie) - Dutch SAB
(Sveriges Allmänna Biblioteksförening) -
Swedish Subject-specific Designed for use by
a particular (national schemes or
international) subject community NLM (National
Library of Medicine) Ei
(Engineering Information Classification
Codes) Home-grown Designed for use in one
particular service Yahoo! schemes http//www.d
esire.org/
36
RENARDUS (REYNARD) Traugott Koch Academic Subject
Gateway Service Europe collaborative project
that aims to improve academic users' access to a
range of existing Internet-based information
services across Europe. http//www.renardus
.org/
37
RENARDUS (REYNARD) Netherlands DutchESS -
Dutch Electronic Subject Service Germany
SSG-FI - Special Subject Guides (SSG
Fachinformation) DAINet
- Deutsches Agrarinformationsnetz
DEPOSIT.DDB.DE Document Server UK
RDN - Resource Discovery Network Finland
Finnish Virtual Library/Virtuaalikirjasto Sweden
EELS - Engineering Electronic Library NOVAGate
Nordic Gateway to Information in Forestry,
Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences EULER
European Libraries and Electronic Resources in
Mathematical
Sciences http//www.renardus.org/gateway/participa
nts.html
38
International Standards Organisation ISO
Technical Committee 37 ISO/TC 37 1936-
Terminology and other language resourcesGerhard
Budin ISO 121992000(E) Alphabetical ordering
of multilingual terminological and
lexicographical data represented in the Latin
alphabet ISO 122001999 Computer applications
in terminology - Machine-readable terminology
interchange format (MARTIF) - Negotiated
interchange SALT project XML representations
of Lexicons and Terminologies (XLT) Default XLT
Format (DXLT) http//www.diffuse.org/classify.h
tml http//www.ttt.org/oscar/xlt/DXLTspecs.html ht
tp//linux.infoterm.org/iso-e/about-intro.htm
39
International Standards Organisation ISO
Technical Committee 46 ISO/TC 46/ Information
and documentation standards. http//www
.nlc-bnc.ca/iso/tc46sc9/istc.htm
40
International Standards Organisation ISO
Technical Committee 46 ISO/TC 46/SC 9
Information and documentation standards. -
presentation, identification and description of
documents. http//www.nlc-bnc.ca/iso/tc
46sc9/istc.htm
41
International Standards Organisation ISO
Technical Committee 46 ISO/TC 46/SC 9
1996- Working Group 1 International
Standard Audiovisual Number (ISAN) http/
/www.nlc-bnc.ca/iso/tc46sc9/wg1.htm
42
International Standards Organisation ISO
Technical Committee 46 ISO/TC 46/SC 9 Working
Group 3 International Standard Textual Work Code
(ISTC) http//www.nlc-bnc.ca/iso/tc46sc9/
istc.htm
43
International Standards Organisation ISO
Technical Committee 46 ISO/TC 46/SC 9
Specification and Standardization of Data
Elements (ISO 11179 Parts 1-6) This includes
(part 3) Metadata Registry Specification
- which describes the
standardizing and registering of data elements
cf. Basic Semantics Register (BSR),
grown out of UN project on a Basic
Semantic Repository (BSR) linked with
EDIFACT. ftp//sdct-sunsrv1.ncsl.nist.gov/x3l
8/11179/
44
International Standards Organisation ISO
Technical Committee 46 ISO/TC 46/SC 9/ WG
3 ISTC Related Work -INDECS (INteroperability of
Data in E-Commerce Systems) project. -working
on the interoperability of metadata for
intellectual property in the form of digital
objects. -The sections relating to the concepts
of "work", "expression", and "manifestation" in
the IFLA publication Functional Requirements for
Bibliographic Records final report. IFLA UBCIM
publications new series, vol. 19. Munich 1998.
ISBN 3-598-11382-X. ISO Project 15707
International Standard Musical Work Code (ISWC).
Web site for the ISSN International Centre. Web
site for the ISBN International Agency. Web site
for the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) System.
http//www.nlc-bnc.ca/iso/tc46sc9/istc.htm
45
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC34 Information Technology ---
Document Description and Processing
Languages ISO/IEC FCD 132501999 - Topic
Maps http//www.ornl.gov/sgml/sc34/docume
nt/0058.htm
46
International Federation of Library Associations
(IFLA) Functional Requirements for
Bibliographic Records (FRBR) IFLA UBCIM
publications new series, vol. 19. Munich 1998.
ISBN 3-598-11382-X Lists five basic
international standards International Standard
Book Number (ISBN) International Standard
Serial Number (ISSN) International Standard
Music Number (ISMN) International Standard
Recording Code (ISRC) International Standard
Technical Report Number (ISRN).
47
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Traugott Koch
1994 Yuri Rubinsky (SoftQuad) suggests
metadata semantics to Stuart Weibel, Eric
Miller (OCLC) and Joe Harden (NCSA) at 2nd
International World Wide Web Conference
Chicago, October 1994. 1995 Workshop to
discuss metadata semantics in Dublin, Ohio,
March 1995 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
(DMCI) http//dublincore.org/
48
Creator Title Subject Contributor Date Desc
ription Publisher Type Format Coverage Rights
Relation Source Language Identifier
15 Fields of the Dublin Core
49
Basic event relations in the Dublin Core
50
Resource Creation
Concept Expression
Manifestation Item
Property Attribute Relation
Event Contribution Agent
Role Context Time Place
Non-Event-based Relation
Reference and Contextual Relation
Structural Relation Preliminary class
hierarchies in the ABC project.
51
Traditional Libraries C 1. Concept,
Word Classification Systems 2. Definitions
Dictionaries 3. Explanations Encyclopaedias 4.
Titles Catalogues, Bibliographies 5. Partial
Contents Reviews, Abstracts 6. Full Contents
Primary Sources (Books, Paintings) 7. Internal
Analyses 8. External Analyses 9.
Restorations 10. Reconstructions
52
One Look Dictionaries Dictionary word count
3,230,085 words in 736 online dictionaries now
indexed Free http//www.onelook.com/
53
Oxford English Dictionary (OED) US 550
/annum Thesaurus Linguae Graecae (TLG) 76
million words of text (6,625 works/work
collections from 1,823 authors). US 300/5
years http//www.oed.com/ http//www.tlg.uci.
edu/
54
Dynamic Dictionaries
55
http//www.iijnet.or.jp/edr/E_Struct-WD.html
56
Memory Institutions
Libraries Books Manuscripts
Museums Paintings Drawings Sculptures
Unstable Media Internet, Multimedia Interactuve
TV Interactive Video Kinetic, Performance Art
Archives Documents Letters Protocols
Broadcast Media Film Television Video
Access
57
Traditional Museums 1. Concept,
Word Classification Systems 2. Definitions
Dictionaries 3. Explanations Encyclopaedias 4.
Titles Catalogues, Bibliographies 5. Partial
Contents Reviews, Abstracts 6. Full Contents
Primary Sources (Books, Paintings) 7. Internal
Analyses 8. External Analyses 9.
Restorations 10. Reconstructions
58
Global ICOM/CIDOC Patricia Young CIMI Testbe
ds XML,Wireless, Metadata Harvesting,
Harmony International Museums over States in
Virtual Culture (MOSAIC) Memorandum of
Understanding (MOU) MEDICI CULTIVATE
National Canadian Heritage Information Network
(CHIN) Patricia Young Marburg Archive
WWW.medicif.org http//www.cultivate-eu.org/ htt
p//www.cordis.lu/libraries/en/metadata/metahome.h
tml http//www.cimi.org/test_beds.html
59
Memory Institutions
Libraries Books Manuscripts
Museums Paintings Drawings Sculptures
Unstable Media Internet, Multimedia Interactuve
TV Interactive Video Kinetic, Performance Art
Archives Documents Letters Protocols
Broadcast Media Film Television Video
Access
60
Archives State Communal Church Literature
Business Parliamentary University Media
http//www.uni-marburg.de/archivschule/deuarch
.html
61
Global International Council on Archives (ICA)
Conseil International des Archives (CIA) General
International Standard Archival Description ISAD
(G) Peter Horsman IFLA Encoded Archival
Description (EAD) UNESCO Archives
Portal Repositories of Primary Sources Digitale
Editionstechnik International 1976- Oxford
Text Archive (OTA) Lou Burnard 1977 ??e??
Göttingen Manfred Thaller European
Manuscript Server Initiative (EMSI) Manuscript
Access through Standards for Electronic Records
(MASTER) Manuscripts and Letters via Integrated
Networks in Europe (MALVINE) http//www.ifla.or
g/II/metadata.htmead http//www.ica.org/ http//w
ww.unesco.org/webworld/portal_archives/ http//www
.uidaho.edu/special-collections/Other.Repositories
.html http//www.uni-koeln.de/ahz26/vl/editech.ht
m http//www.cta.dmu.ac.uk/projects/master/ http/
/linux2.hit.uib.no/vol/emsi/emsi.html http//www.m
alvine.org/
62
National Society of American Archivists.
Committee on Archival Information Exchange.
Encoded Archival Description Working Group.
1991- Text Retrieval System (TReSy) Michele
Paoli Archiefnet Archive Nachrichten
Niedersachsen http//sunsite.berkel
ey.edu/FindingAids/EAD/eadwg.html http//www.archi
efnet.nl/ http//www.nananet.de/institut/stadtarch
iv/ANKA/A-N/1998/edv_ag.htm http//www.cribecu.sns
.it/analisi_testuale/settore_informatico/tresy/
63
Memory Institutions
Libraries Books Manuscripts
Museums Paintings Drawings Sculptures
Unstable Media Internet, Multimedia Interactuve
TV Interactive Video Kinetic, Performance Art
Archives Documents Letters Protocols
Broadcast Media Film Television Video
Access
64
Global MPEG 4, 7, 21 W3 International
CEN/ISSS EBU National Society of Motion
Picture and Television Engineers
(SMPTE) http//www.cselt.it/mpeg/standards/mpe
g-7/mpeg-7.htmhttp//www.w3.org/TV/ http//www.cse
lt.it/mpeg/standards/mpeg-21/mpeg-21.htm http//ww
w.cenorm.be/isss/Workshop/metadata-observatory/lis
t20of20projects20by20material.htm
http//www.ebu.ch/home_1.html?overview.html
http//www.smpte.org/
65

• The MPEG21 vision includes content
• creation
• production
• distribution
• consumption and usage
• representation
• identification and protection
• intellectual property management and protection
• financial management
• user privacy
• terminals and network resource abstraction
• event reporting.
• http//www.cselt.it/mpeg/standards/mpeg-21/mpeg-21
  .htm

66
The MPEG21 vision includes content
http//www.cselt.it/mpeg/standards/mpeg-21/mp
eg-21.htm
67
Memory Institutions
Libraries Books Manuscripts
Museums Paintings Drawings Sculptures
Unstable Media Internet, Multimedia Interactuve
TV Interactive Video Kinetic, Performance Art
Archives Documents Letters Protocols
Broadcast Media Film Television Video
Access
68
International Network for the Conservation of
Contemporary Art INCCA PROJECT http/
/www.icn.nl/english/6.2.html
69
International Association of Curators
of Contemporary Art See
http//www.iktsite.org/
70
ARchitecture and authoring Tools prototype for
Living Images and New Video Experiments (Art.Live
) Consortium See
http//www.tele.ucl.ac.be/projects/art.live
71
V2 Organisation, Institute for the Unstable
Media, Rotterdam http//www.v2.nl/ C3,
Budapest http//www.c3.hu/ ProContra,
Moscow http//www.procontra.danet.ru8101/eng/prog
ram/program.htm Zentrum fur Kunst und
Medienforschung (ZKM), Karlsruhe http//www.zkm.de
Ars Electronica Centre (AEC), Linz
http//www.aec.at
72
MECA The Museum of Ephemeral Cultural
Artifacts http//www.edgechaos.com/MEC
A/MECA.html
73
Analysis Tools
74
RDF Research Description Framework
History
75
Graphic Communications Association (GCA)
Composition Committee William Tunnicliffe
Separation of information content of
documents from their format Meeting at the
Canadian Government Printing Office. Sept.
1967 Generic Coding http//www.sgmlsource.c
om/history/roots.htm
76
Book Designer New York Stanley Rice articles
about "Standardized Editorial Structures
parameterized style macros based on the
structural elements of publications late
1960s http//www.sgmlsource.com/history/roo
ts.htm
77
IBM Cambridge Scientific Center Charles F.
Goldfarb 1966 Graduated Harvard law School 1969
with Ed Mosher and Ray Lorie invented Text
Description Language Integrated Textual
Information Management Experiment
(InTIME) 1971 Generalized Markup Language (GML)
Goldfarb Mosher Lorie 1978 ANSI Languages for the
Processing of Text committee chaired by Charles
Card, then of Univac, with Norman Scharpf
1980 First working draft Standard Generalised
Markup Language (SGML) 1986 SGML ISO
8879 http//www.sgmlsource.com/history/roots.htm
http//www.sgmlsource.com/history/sgmlhist.htm
78
University Microfilms Ann Arbor Nicholas Alter
1983-1987 Chaired AAP committee developed an
initial SGML application for book, journal, and
article creation. The application is intended
for manuscript interchange between authors and
their publishers, among other uses, and
includes optional element definitions for complex
tables and scientific formulas.
http//www.sgmlsource.com/history/sgmlhist.ht
m
79
SoftQuad Toronto Yuri Rubinsky 1980
establishes publishing course at Banff Centre
1984 Founds Softquad to develop SGML to
lower publishing costs at Coach House Press
to develop methods for Dictionary of Old
English 1987 releases Author/Editor,
first-to-market graphical SGML editor 1988
works with IBM to promote and develop SGML 1993
founds SGML Open Consortium, now OASIS,
Organization for the Advancement of Structured
Information Standards. 1991 The Sgml Handbook
Charles F. Goldfarb, Yuri Rubinsky 1994
releases HoTMetaL Pro, first-to-market
graphical HTML editor which dominates the Web
authoring market http//www.users.cloud9.net/bra
dmcc/yuriObit1.html http//www.sq.com/top_frame.sq
3-1987
80
SoftQuad Toronto Yuri Rubinsky 1994
Suggests metadata semantics to Stuart
Weibel, Eric Miller (OCLC) and Joe Harden (NCSA)
at 2nd International World Wide Web Conference
Chicago, October 1994. 1995 Workshop to
discuss metadata semantics in Dublin, Ohio, March
1995 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DMCI)
1996 Dies 1997 SGML on the WebSmall Steps
Beyond HTML, Murray, Maloney, and Yuri
Rubinski, 1997, Prentice Hall PTR.
http//dublincore.org/about/history/
81
SoftQuad Toronto Yuri Rubinsky 1994
SoftQuad co-founds the World Wide Web Consortium
(W3C) to oversee the development of
international Web standards. 1997 SoftQuad
co-invents XML and helps establish the W3C XML
Working Group 2001 XML and e-business
82
New Oxford English Dictionary (OED) Waterloo,
Oxford Tim Bray worked for DEC and GTE 1987
joined the New Oxford English Dictionary Project
and SGML 1989 co-founded Open Text Arnold van
Trotsenburg
83
Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Lou Burnard,
Susan Hockey, Michael Sperberg McQueen 1987
meeting at Vassar College led to TEI create a
common encoding scheme which would satisfy as
many purposes as possible University of
Oxford Humanities Computing Unit Brown
University Scholarly Technology Group
University of Bergen Humanities Information
Technologies Research Programme University
of Virginia Electronic Text Center and
Institute for Advanced Technology in the
Humanities http//users.ox.ac.uk/lou/ http/
/www.loc.gov/catdir/semdigdocs/hockey.html http//
tigger.uic.edu/cmsmcq/
84
Resource Description Framework (RDF) Model and
Syntax DVL Tsuyoshi Sakata Grif Murray
Maloney IBM Bob Schloss, Naohiko
URAMOTO Chair KnowledgeCite Bill
Roberts Marimba Arthur van Hoff LANL Ron
Daniel Microsoft Andrew Layman, Chris
McConnell, Jean Paoli Netscape R.V. Guha
(Netscape) Nokia Ora Lassila Editor OCLC
Ralph LeVan, Eric Miller Chair Reuters
Misha Wolf SoftQuad Lauren Wood Tim Bray
Textuality U. of Michigan Paul Resnick W3C
Tim Berners-Lee, Dan Connolly, Jim Miller, Ralph
Swick. Editor http//www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/
85
Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) Eric
Miller 1994 Dublin Core Metadata
Initiative Co-founder, Associate
Director 2000 W3C 2001 W3C Semantic Web Activity
Lead http//www.w3.org/People/EM/
86
Institute for Learning and Research Technology
ILRT Bristol Dan Brickley 1994-1995 Centre
for Language and Learning Endangered
Languages WWW Virtual Library Philosophy 1996
Subject Gateways RDF Core Working Group
co-chair RDF Interest Group chair RDF Schema
co-editor http//ilrt.org/people/danbri/

87
Dan Brickley RDF Origins W3C Metadata Activity
1997-1999 PICS (Internet content
selection) Warwick Framework / Dublin Core XML
(XML Data, Channels etc) MCF (Apple,
Netscape) PICS-NG Working Group URI specification
for Web identifiers http//ilrt.org/discovery/
rdf-dev/talks/ilrt/rdf-lux/tsld003.htm
88
Publishing Libraries Computer Software
Universities Dictionaries OCLC IBM MIT OED
DCMI Microsoft CMU DOE SUN
Stanford SoftQuad DVL Michigan OpenText
Nokia Oxford Textuality Apple Virginia
Reuters Netscape Toronto Prentice
Hall DEC Bergen KnowledgeCite
Marimba Resource Description Framework
(RDF) Military Research e-Business Telcos LAN
L CERN OpenText ATT DARPA
Xerox SoftQuad GTE DAML SRI BBN ILRT MITRE
Schlumberger
89
Tim Berners Lee RDF in 2000
90
Semantic Web Academic Side Agents Trust Security
Logic Proof Query Service Rule/Query Language XML
Encryption Web Classification XML.
Services Basic Components in the Semantic
Web (WWW10 May 2001). http//www.w3.org/2001/04/r
oadmap/sw.svg
91
Tim Berners Lee, Semantic Web, XML 2000 cited by
Dave Beckett http//www.ilrt.bris.ac.uk/people/cmd
jb/talks/sw-vienna/slide10.html
92
DAML-S(ervices)
DAML-L(ogic)
DAMLOIL
Basic Sketch Tim Berners Lee, Semantic Web, XML
2000 cited by Dave Beckett http//www.ilrt.bris.a
c.uk/people/cmdjb/talks/sw-vienna/slide10.html
93
Onto-Knowledge Web (or Onto Web) Dieter Fensel
and Ying Ding, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam).
OIL is Ontology Interface Layer
OIL eXtensible Ontology Language XOL DARPA
Agent Modelling Language (DAML)
94
Services DAML-S Trust Proof Logic DAML-L Ontol
ogy Vocabulary DAML OIL (Tractable
Inference) Semantics RDF RDF Schema
(Implicit Statements) Syntax XML Name Spaces
(NS) XML Schema Basis Unicode
URI Basic layers in the Semantic Web
(WWW10 May 2001).
95
Semantic Web Business Side app(lications)2app(lic
ations) model actual business practices
through UDDI e-business eXtensible Markup
Language (ebXML) Inter business activities XML
protocol enhanced such as Reliable
Messaging Rooting Services Privacy Securi
ty Quality of Service Binary attachments
96
Service Negotiation TPA/?? Publishing and
Discovery UDDI Workflow WSFL/XLANG/?? Service
Disciplines UDDI, WSDL/WSCL Transactions/Reliab
ility ?? Message Protocol SOAP/XML Transport
HTTP, FTP,SMTP, MQ Network Internet/Intranet
IBMs vision of a business solution given
by Robert Sutor at IBM WWW10 Hong Kong
97
XML UDDI SOAP or XP ebXML syntax
list services yellow, white access to
services electronic services green pages
message exchange SU
Ns vision as presented by Jon Bosak
http//wdvl.internet.com/Authoring/Languages/XML/C
onferences/XML2000/bosak.html
98
Challenges for the Resource
Description Framework (RDF) and the
Semantic Web
99
1. Integration of Memory Institutions (Libraries,
Museums, Archives) Broadcast and Unstable
Media Transfer Protocols Resource Numbering
Rights Management Resource Finding
Aids Resource Finding Tools Resource
Description Content Description Style
Description Other Senses
100
Transfer Protocols United Nations
(UN) Electronic Data Interchange
EDI Electronic Data Interchange For
Administration, Commerce and Transport EDIFACT
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Hyper
Text Transfer Protocol HTTP File Transfer
Protocol FTP American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) National Information Standards
Organisation (NISO) Information
Retrieval Z.39.50
101
Resource Numbering International Federation of
Library Associations (IFLA) International
Standard Book Number ISBN International
Standard Serial Number ISSN International
Standard Music Number ISMN International
Standard Recording Code ISRC International
Standard Technical Report Number ISRN
International Standards Organisation
(ISO) International Standard Audiovisual Number
ISAN International Standard Musical Work
Code ISWC International Standard Textual Work
Code (ISTC
102
Resource Numbering American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) National Information Standards
Organisation (NISO) Serial Item and
Contribution Identifier SICI (Z.39.56), Book
Item and Component Identifier BICI Commercial
Publisher Item Identifier PII Universal
Parcel Code UPC European Article Numbering
EAN Digital Object Identifier DOI
Computer Universal Unique Identifier UUID
http//www.dsps.net/uuid.html
103
Rights Management CISAC Common Information
System CIS (ISAN ISWC WID CAEIP)
Publishers Online Information
eXchange ONIX EDItEUR Product Information
Communication Standards EPICS Society of Motion
Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) Unique
Media Identifier UMID Universal Program
Identifier UPID
104
Rights Management CISAC Common Information
System CIS (ISAN ISWC WID CAEIP) I.e.
will integrate 1) ISO ISWC 2) ISO ISAN 3) a
Works Information Database (WID) 4) will extend
their Compositeur, Auteur, Editeur number (CAE)
and rename it Interested Party (IP) number which
will be stored in a Global and Interested
Parties Database. CISAC and the Association of
International Collective Management of
Audiovisual Works (Association de Gestion
Internationale Collective des Oeuvres
Audiovisuelles, AGICOA) are working on ISAN.
105
Rights Management United Nations Centre for
Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business
(CEFACT) Organization for the Advancement of
Structured Information Standards
(OASIS) ebusiness eXtensible Markup Language
ebXML XEROX (ContentGuard) Digital Property
Rights Language DPRL now Xtensible Rights
Markup Language XrML KPMG, GETTY, ADOBE
Publishing Requirements for Industry Standard
Metadata PRISM Telcom Italia Lab (was
CSELT) Secure Digital Music Initiative SDMI
106
Resource Finding Aids Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF) Uniform Resource Locators
URL Uniform Resource Name URN Uniform
or Universal Resource Indentifiers URI
Persistent Uniform Resource Locator PURL
HyperText Markup Language Header HTML
Header Online Computer Library Center
(OCLC) Dublin Core Metadata Initiative DCMI or
Dublin Core DC
107
Resource Finding Tools Subject Headings
General Library of Congress Subject Headings
LCSH Domain Specific Medical Subject
Headings MESH Book Industry Communication
Standard Subject Categories BISC Information
Interchange Model IIM
108
Resource Finding Tools Classifications
e.g. Göttingen Library of Congress Dewey
Decimal Classification Universal Decimal
Classification Bliss Ranganathan
Iconclass Getty Art and Architectural
Thesaurus
109
Resource Description Libraries Machine
Readable Cataloging MARC Museums Comité
Internationale pour la Documentation de lArt
CIDOC Archives General International
Standard Archival Description ISAD (G) Encoded
Archival Description EAD Education Learning
Object Model LOM
110
A template for an IMS learning module which
emphasizes administration
111
Content Description Verbal Text Standard
Generalized Markup Language SGML eXtensible
Markup Language XML Terminology Markup
Framework TMF (ISO 12200) Text Encoding
Initiative TEI Domain Specific Mathematical
Markup Language MML Astronomical Markup
Language AML Chemical Markup Language CML
News Industry Text Format NITF
112
Content Description Visual Still Pictures Joint
Picture Expert Group (JPEG) JPEG 2000 Nissha
Co., Kyoto Vector Format for Zooming VFZ or
Vzoom World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Scalable
Vector Graphics SVG Extensible
3-D X3D Motion Picture Expert Group
(MPEG) MPEG 4, 7, 21 Audio/Visual Multimedia
Coded Representation of Multimedia and
Hypermedia Information MHEG Hypermedia/Time-base
d Structuring Language HyTimeSL (ISO/IEC
10744) led to Standard Music Description Language
SDML Style Description eXtensible Style
Language XSL
113
Content Description Audio/Visual Multimedia
Coded Representation of Multimedia and
Hypermedia Information MHEG Hypermedia/Time-base
d Structuring Language HyTimeSL (ISO/IEC
10744) led to Standard Music Description
Language SDML Style Description eXtensible
Style Language XSL
114
Content Description Other Senses Touch e.g.
Force Feedback Smell e.g. Digiscent Taste e.g
. Trisenx
115
2. Integrating Resource Finding Aids and Analysis
Tools
Virtual Reference Rooms Finding
Aids

Full Contents
Analysis Tools (SGML, XML, RDF)
116
IMASS Virtual Reference Rooms
Finding Aids Agents Terminology,
Languages MMI Vienna (ISO)
Full Contents
Analysis Tools (SGML, XML, RDF) Scuola
Normale Text Retrieval System (TReSY)

117
European Commission Virtual Reference Rooms
Finding Aids DELOS and Digital Libraries
Full Contents
Analysis Tools (SGML, XML, RDF)
Semantic Web

118
3. Local Regional National International
Local, Urban Periphery Fact Regional
Provinces Event
Story National Centre International World
Centre
119
Step 1 Syntactic Interoperability Containers/
Fields/ Elements Semantic Interoperability
Containers/ Fields/ Elements Contents within
Containers/Fields/Elements
120
Step 2 Syntactic Interoperability Contents within
Containers/Fields/Elements s Semantic
Interoperability Contents within
Containers/Fields/Elements
121
Syntactic Interoperability Containers/ Fields/
Elements Field Definition Schemas for Mapping
Fields Mapping Classification, Cataloguing and
Registry Systems
122
Semantic Interoperability Contents within the
Containers/Fields/Elements International
Terminological Domain specific semantics
Meaning meanings of contents negotiated
worldwide (ISO) Dictionary Formal Meaning
Meaning National Terminological Domain
specific semantics Meaning meanings of
contents negotiated countrywide
(NIST) Dictionary Formal Meaning Meaning
Corpus Written not formalized
123
Semantic Interoperability Contents within the
Containers/Fields/Elements Regional
Terminological Meaning Domain specific
semantics meanings of contents
negotiated regionally Dictionary Meaning
Formal Meaning Corpus Written not
formalized Oral Recorded Archived not
written Local Terminological Meaning
Domain specific semantics meanings of
contents negotiated locally Dictionary
Meaning Formal Meaning Corpus Written not
formalized Oral Recorded Archived not
written Oral Not systematically archived.
124
4. Multilingual and Multicultural The
Semantic Web thus far is too focussed on
English. We need multi-lingual -cultural
dimensions
125
(No Transcript)
126
5. Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) The
Semantic Web assumes URIs as a basis. A URI is a
static document at a given time. This does not
address 1) a distinction between an original
object and document (i.e. web page)
concerning that object. 2) possibility of
multiple mirror sites concerning the same
object, cf. many copies of a book. Cf.
space 3) need to trace history of versions of
web page concerning same object. Cf. time 4)
having multilingual, multicultural webpages of
same object. http//www.w3.org/Addressing/
127
A Formal Data Model for RDF/S
H
Property
Class
lt
lt
?
N
?
?
?L
?
?C
T
?P
?
?
.
.
V
val,val
U
val
?
?
URI
?
S
resources
containers
literals
The ICS-FORTH RDFSuite Managing Voluminous RDF
Description Bases (http//www.ics.forth.gr/proj/is
st/RDF)
128
6. Entity Relationships Triples as a Basis for
Relations Property with a
Structured Value http//www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-rdf
-syntax-19990222/
129
Entity Relationships Triples as a Basis for
Relations Ternary
Relation http//www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-rdf-syntax-
19990222/
130
Concept Relations Content Material 1.
Abstractionsbeziehung Dahlberg Divisio
Logic Type/Kind Perrault
Hyponomy Bean Generalisation Mylopolous
Hierarchical Library Science
is a Type Instantiation Computer
Science (Inheritance Parent -Child)

131
Concept Relations Content Material 1.
Partitionsbeziehung Dahlberg Partitio
Logic Whole/Part Perrault
Aggregation Mylopolous Meronomy
Bean is a part Library Science
(Inheritance Parent -Child) Computer Science
132
Aristotle Content Form Substance Accidents
PROPERTIES 1 2 3 4 Entities
Properties Activities Dimensions Substance
Quantity Action, Operations Space
Quality Suffering,
Processes Time Relation Presence
Having
133
Perrault Substance Accidents
PROPERTIES 1 2 3 4 Entities
Properties Activities Dimensions Subsumptiv
e Determinative Ordinal Relations
Type/Kind Action, Operations State
(Presence, Having) Whole/Part
Suffering, Processes Space Subject/Property
Time Quantity Quality

134
Subsumptive Relations Type/Kind Principle/Mani
festation Genus/Species Species/Individuum
Whole/Part Organism/Organ Composite/
Constituent Matrix/Particles Subject/Property
Substance/Accident Possessor/Possession Acc
ompanance
135
Determinative Relations Active Productive
Causing Originating/Source
Limitative Restrictive Orienting,
Establishing Frame of Reference, Point of View
Destructive Injuring Suppressing, Eliminating
Curing Interactive Concordant
Differing Contrary Passive Produced L
imited Destroyed
136
Ordinal Relations Conditional State Attitud
e Energy Comparative Degree Size Durati
on Identical Similar, Analogous Dissimila
r Positional Figurative Spatial Temporal
Toward At Any
137
Dynamic Knowledge
138
Dynamic ClassificationIntegration of various
Classification Systems 1. Art and Architectural
Thesaurus 2. Bliss 3. Dewey 4. Göttingen 5.
Iconclass 6. Library of Congress 7.
Ranganathan 8. Riders International
139
Dynamic Reference Integration of various
concepts for new classifications
140
Dynamic Dictionaries Integration of various
dictionaries 1. Standard 2. Professional 3.
Etymological 4. Historical 5. Dialect
141
Referent A
Characteristics B
Expression C
Definitions Ostensive CA Nominal CB Rea
l CB from A
142
Dynamic Knowledge Integration of Various
Kinds of Definitions in Dictionaries 1.
Ostensive 2. Nominal 3. Real
143
Dynamic KnowledgeIntegration of
Various Lists Manuscripts Transcriptions Tran
slations Interpretations Criticism Paintings
Instruments
144
Dynamic GeographyIntegration of Different Maps

Europe 1000 and 1470 T. Belmont Acadia
145
Dynamic Virtual Libraries Integation of
different levels of knowledge 1. Concept,
Word Classification Systems 2. Definitions
Dicionaries 3. Explanations Encyclopaedias 4.
Titles Bibliographies 5. Partial
Contents Reviews, Abstracts 6. Full Contents
Books, Paintings 7. Internal Analyses 8.
External Analyses 9. Restorations 10.
Reconstructions
146
(No Transcript)
147
Augmented Culture
148
Sony (Paris) NaviCam device with augmented
reality.
149
Geographic plus Bibliographic Metaphor Sony
(Paris), NaviCam augmented reality showing wall
of books with some bibliographical source
descriptions.
150
Augmented Reality IBM http//www.research.ibm.co
m/journal/sj/384/spohrer.html
151
Memory Institutions
Libraries Books Manuscripts
Museums Paintings Drawings Sculptures
Unstable Media Internet, Multimedia Interactuve
TV Interactive Video Kinetic, Performance Art
Archives Documents Letters Protocols
Broadcast Media Film Television Video
Access
152
Information, Knowledge and Wisdom
Enduring Collaborative Personal
Libraries, Museums, Archives Collective Memory
Institutions
Virtual Reference Room
(Mobile) Access with cultural and
historical dimensions
153
(No Transcript)
154
Global Ecology of Wisdom, Knowledge and
Information Scientific and
technical Cultural and historical knowledge
knowledge
155
Arigato Dank U Thank you
Danke schön Gratias
vobis/tibi/ agimus Merci bien Mille
Grazie Obrigado Shukran Spasebo Tak
156
Appendix Some Members of RDF
157
University Microfilms Ann Arbor Nicholas Alter
1983-1987 Chaired AAP committee developed an
initial SGML application for book, journal, and
article creation. The application is intended
for manuscript interchange between authors and
their publishers, among other uses, and
includes optional element definitions for complex
tables and scientific formulas.
http//www.sgmlsource.com/history/sgmlhist.ht
m
158
SoftQuad Toronto Yuri Rubinsky 1980
establishes publishing course at Banff Centre
1984 Founds Softquad to develop SGML to
lower publishing costs at Coach House Press
to develop methods for Dictionary of Old
English 1987 releases Author/Editor,
first-to-market graphical SGML editor 1988
works with IBM to promote and develop SGML 1993
founds SGML Open Consortium, now OASIS,
Organization for the Advancement of Structured
Information Standards. 1991 The Sgml Handbook
Charles F. Goldfarb, Yuri Rubinsky 1994
releases HoTMetaL Pro, first-to-market
graphical HTML editor which dominates the Web
authoring market http//www.users.cloud9.net/bra
dmcc/yuriObit1.html http//www.sq.com/top_frame.sq
3-1987
159
SoftQuad Toronto Yuri Rubinsky 1994
Suggests metadata semantics to Stuart
Weibel, Eric Miller (OCLC) and Joe Harden (NCSA)
at 2nd International World Wide Web Conference
Chicago, October 1994. 1995 Workshop to
discuss metadata semantics in Dublin, Ohio, March
1995 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DMCI)
1996 Dies 1997 SGML on the WebSmall Steps
Beyond HTML, Murray, Maloney, and Yuri
Rubinski, 1997, Prentice Hall PTR.
http//dublincore.org/about/history/
160
SoftQuad Toronto Yuri Rubinsky 1994
SoftQuad co-founds the World Wide Web Consortium
(W3C) to oversee the development of
international Web standards. 1997 SoftQuad
co-invents XML and helps establish the W3C XML
Working Group 2001 XML and e-business
161
New Oxford English Dictionary (OED) Waterloo,
Oxford Tim Bray worked for DEC and GTE 1987
joined the New Oxford English Dictionary Project
and SGML 1989 co-founded Open Text Arnold van
Trotsenburg
162
Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Lou Burnard,
Susan Hockey, Michael Sperberg McQueen 1987
meeting at Vassar College led to TEI create a
common encoding scheme which would satisfy as
many purposes as possible University of
Oxford Humanities Computing Unit Brown
University Scholarly Technology Group
University of Bergen Humanities Information
Technologies Research Programme University
of Virginia Electronic Text Center and
Institute for Advanced Technology in the
Humanities http//users.ox.ac.uk/lou/ http/
/www.loc.gov/catdir/semdigdocs/hockey.html http//
tigger.uic.edu/cmsmcq/
163
Resource Description Framework (RDF) Model and
Syntax DVL Tsuyoshi Sakata Grif Murray
Maloney IBM Bob Schloss, Naohiko
URAMOTO Chair KnowledgeCite Bill
Roberts Marimba Arthur van Hoff LANL Ron
Daniel Microsoft Andrew Layman, Chris
McConnell, Jean Paoli Netscape R.V. Guha
(Netscape) Nokia Ora Lassila Editor OCLC
Ralph LeVan, Eric Miller Chair Reuters
Misha Wolf SoftQuad Lauren Wood Tim Bray
Textuality U. of Michigan Paul Resnick W3C
Tim Berners-Lee, Dan Connolly, Jim Miller, Ralph
Swick. Editor http//www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/
164
Digital Vision Laboratories (DVL)
Tokyo Tsuyoshi Sakata 1995- Multi-Schema
Metadata Format (MMF) a logical structure for
metadata sets Metadata Mediation Protocol
(MMP) http//www.scope.gmd.de/info/www6/tech
nical/paper089/paper89.html
165
Grif S.A. Murray Maloney 1986
-1997 SoftQuad Technical Services
Manager-Director 1995 GRIF S.A., the leading
European SGML company, announces Grif Symposia,
the first ever structured document authoring
tool to allow SGML documents to be edited over
the World Wide Web. 10/04. 1997- Muzmo
Communication chair of CommerceNet's eCo
Framework Project. member, co-editor of W3C's
XML Schema Working Group member W3C's XML
Linking and XML Style Working Groups. http//www
.muzmo.com/Murray/CV.html http//xml.coverpages.or
g/grif-web.html
166
IBM Watson Bob Schloss developer of the
Platform for Internet Content Selection (PICS)
technical specifications co-chair of the W3C's
Resource Description Framework Data Model and
Syntax working group creation, diagnostic,
translation, analysis and repository tools
for the W3C XML Schema language http//www.rese
arch.ibm.com/people/s/bschloss/
167
IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory Naohiko Uramoto
developer of the Platform for Internet Content
Selection (PICS) technical specifications XML
tools digital signatures for XML
documents publish/subscribe middleware for
Java member of the RDF Schemas RDF Model and
Syntax Working Groups http//www.infoloom.com/gc
aconfs/WEB/paris98/singer.HTMSINGER-ACR-0002
168
IBM Internet Division San Jose David Singer
chair W3C Resource Description Framework
Schemas Working Group member of the W3C Advisory
Committee active in the development of the
Document Object Model one of the authors of
"Rating Services and Rating Systems (and Their
Machine Readable Descriptions)", one of the
recommendations defining the PICS (Platform for
Internet Content Selection) . http//www.infolo
om.com/gcaconfs/WEB/paris98/singer.HTMSINGER-ACR-
0002
169
KnowledgeCite Inc. Bill Roberts leader in
developing Web-based solutions for publishers and
librarians part of Silver Platter
Information a global leader in providing
comprehensive and seamlessly integrated database
collections of scholarly reference information
in electronic form - over the Internet, on
campus and corporate Intranets, and on
CD-ROM. http//www.infotoday.com/it/jul98/news6.
htm http//www.silverplatter.com/
170
Marimba Arthur van Hoff Sun worked
with James Gosling, Bill Joy, and Guy Steele
on the development of the Java programming
language. 1995 Marimba CTO and co-founder
systems management for e-business
http//www.stanford.edu/class/ee380/9697win/no
de4.html http//www.marimba.com/
171
Los Alamos National Laboratories (LANL) Ron
Daniel Global Weapons Information System
(GWIS) Projects original RDF groups also
in the early Dublin Core work 2001 Current
position is "Standards Architect" at
Interwoven leading metadata standards
effort co-chair the PRISM working
group Invited Expert RDF Core Group http//www.a
cl.lanl.gov/GWIS/Participants.html http//www.acl.
lanl.gov/TeleMed/Papers/docsec98.PDF http//lists.
w3.org/Archives/Public/w3c-rdfcore-wg/2001May/0073
.html
172
Microsoft Andrew Layman -1992 Vice
President Symantec Author of Time Line Project
Management Program 1992 Joined Microsoft
1995 XML Data with McDonnell and Paoli
1996 Jim Gray, Adam Bosworth, Andrew Layman,
Hamid Pirahesh Data Cube A Relational
Aggregation Operator Generalizing Group-By,
Cross-Tab, and Sub-Total. ICDE 1996
152-159 2000- XML Services Architect
http//www.xml.com/pub/au/49 http//www.w3.o
rg/TR/1998/NOTE-XML-data-0105
173
Microsoft Chris McConnell 1995 XML Data
with McDonnell and Paoli http//www.xml.co
m/pub/au/49 http//www.w3.org/TR/1998/NOTE-XML-da
ta-0105
174
Microsoft Edward Jung 1990-2000 was chief
software architect and advisor to executive
staff. 1995 XML Data with Layman and
Paoli 1999 Open Design Inc 2000 Intellectual
Ventures http//www.intellectualventures.com/ab
outus/bio.asp?PrinceID2
175
Microsoft Jean Paoli -1996 Technical
director of GRIF S.A. a leader in the
creation of SGML authoring tools.
1996 co-editor of the XML standard and
co-created with Jon Bosak (and others) the W3C
XML working group in July 1996. Microsoft
Product Manager in the Internet Explorer 4.0 team
manages the XML and databinding effort.
http//www.xml.com/pub/au/47
176
Netscape Ramanathan V. Guha
1987-1995 Worked on Cyc with Doug Lenat 1995
Apple Meta Content Framework (MCF)
Hotsauce 1997 Netscape MCF XML with Jim
Bray (Textuality) 2001 RDF Expert http//xm
l.coverpages.org/grif-web.html
177
Nokia Research Center Burlington Mass. Ora
Lassila 1987-1992 Helsinki University of
Technology 1992-1996 CMU/Robotics/CIMDS
military logistics and spacecraft
scheduling 1996-1997 MIT/LCS/W3C co-author
of Resource Description Framework standard.
1998- Chief scientist Nokia Venture
Partners DARPA Agent Markup Language program
Joint US/EU Committee on Agent Markup
Languages. RDF Core working group, part of
W3C's Semantic Web author of NRC's RDF toolkit
(dubbed "Wilbur") http//www.lassila.org/
178
Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) Ralph
LeVan Senior Research Scientist
OCLC Z39.50 Pears Database
http//staff.oclc.org/levan/
179
Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) Eric
Miller 1994 Dublin Core Metadata
Initiative Co-founder, Associate
Director 2000 W3 2001 W3C Semantic Web Activity
Lead http//www.w3.org/People/EM/
180
Reuters London Standards Manager Misha Wolf
Previous Dublin Core Advisory Committee
Dublin Core Data Model Working Group Chair
W3C HTML Working Group W3C RDF Working Group
Now Financial Products Markup Language (FpML)
Consortium Standards Committee International
Unicode Conference Organising Committee
Co-Chair OASIS (Organization for the
Advancement of Structured Information
Standards) Unicode Technical Committee W3C
(World Wide Web Consortium) Advisory
Committee W3C Internationalisation Working
Group Chair W3C Hypertext Co-ordination
Group W3C XML Plenary Group http//www.unicode.or
g/iuc/iuc18/b003.html
181
SoftQuad Software Lauren Wood Director of
Product Technology Ph.D. in theoretical nuclear
physics, U. of Melbourne, Australia. Chair of
the XML Document Object Model Working Group was
active member of CSS and Formatting Properties
Working Group XML Working Group XSL Working
Group http//www.gca.org/papers/xmleurope2000/aut
hor/s12-03auth1.html
182
Textuality Tim Bray worked for DEC and GTE
1987 joined the New Oxford English Dictionary
Project and SGML 1989 co-founded Open Text 1995
built one of the first Web search engines
(Netscape) 1996- served (as invited expert) of
several XML-related W3C Working Groups. He
co-edited the XML 1.0, Namespaces in XML, and
Canonical XML recommendations. Founded
Textuality, Antarctica http//www.webstandards.o
rg/members.
183

• Open Text Waterloo
• the leading provider of collaborative commerce
  applications. Livelink, our flagship product,
  connects employees, business partners and
  customers across global organizations and trading
  communities. Supports
• ASP Consortium
• Document Management Alliance
• Open Document Management API (ODMA)
• SGML/Open
• HTML Working Group
• W3C
• Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group of the
  IETF
• AIIM
• Simple Workflow Access Protocol (SWAP) Group of
  the IETF
• http//www.opentext.com/about_us/
• Tim Bray
• worked for DEC and GTE
• 1987 joined the New Oxford English Dictionary
  Project and SGML
• 1989 co-founded Open Text
• 1995 built one of the first Web search engines
  (Netscape)

184
University of Michigan School of Information
Paul Resnick ATT Labs Public Policy Research
1996 Miller, Jim, Paul Resnick and David
Singer (1996). Rating Services and Rating
Systems (and Their Machine-Readable
Descriptions), The World Wide Web Journal
1(4) 23-43. Available at Http//www.w3.org/pu
b/WWW/PICS/services.html Chaired the PICS
Interest Group http//www.si.umich.edu/presni
ck/
185
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Dan
Connolly 1994-1995 HAL Computer Systems
Participated in design and implementation of
enhancing OLIAS document database build tools
to support arbitrary SGML document types
organized the HTML 2.0 specification
effort developed the SGML DTD for HTML
1995- W3C Technical Staff http//www.w3.org/
People/Connolly/misc/vita
186

• World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
• Dan Connolly
• 1995- W3C Technical Staff
• Led the W3C Architecture group