Irradiation as a Commodity Treatment for Fruits and Vegetables

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Irradiation as a Commodity Treatment for Fruits
and Vegetables

• Inder Paul Gadh, Ph.D.
• Phytosanitary Issues Management
• USDA, APHIS, PPQ
• Riverdale, MD 20737
• [phone]

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Irradiation as a Commodity Treatment .. Cont.

• Background
• Over 50 countries using food irradiation
• Hawaii irradiating FVs since 1995
• Increased interest to find MB alternative
• APHIS developing policies analyzing research
  for treatment efficacy

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Irradiation as a Commodity Treatment .. Cont.

• Background ..
• May 1996 APHIS published a Notice for Public
  Feedback
• May 2000 Published a Proposed Rule received
  2,212 comments
• March 2002 Published a Supplemental Rule

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APHIS Final Rule Published on October 23, 2002

• Irradiation as Phytosanitary Treatment of
  Fruits and Vegetables
• 7 CFR Parts 305 and 319

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Objective of Irradiation

• Prevent establishment of pests
• Mortality is NOT necessary
• Preventing reproduction IS necessary

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Critical Control Points

• Dose
• How is it delivered (Dosimetry)
• Safeguards

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APHIS Final Rule Provisions

• Approved doses for 12 pests
• Other Issues to be discussed later
• Location Certification of facilities
• Compliance Agreement (inside/outside U.S.)
• Other Agreements e.g. FEWP, Preclearance WP
• Packaging Other Requirements
• Dosimetry systems
• Recordkeeping Requirement

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Approved doses, Final Rule

• Pest _ Common name Dose (Gy)
  Bactrocera dorsalis Oriental FF
  250 Ceratitis capitata Mediterranean FF
  225
• B. cucurbitae Melon fly 210
  Anastrepha fraterculus South American FF 150
  
• A. suspensa Caribbean FF 150
  A. ludens Mexican FF 150
  A. obliqua West Indian FF 150
  A.serpentina Sapote FF 150
  B. tryoni Queensland FF 150
  B. jarvisi (no common name) 150
  B. latifrons Malaysian FF 150
  Sternochetus mangiferae Mango seed weevil
  300

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Other Agreements

• Irradiation treatment framework equivalency work
  plan
• - Provides for reciprocal movement
• Facility preclearance work plan
• - Verifies facility compliance
• Trust fund agreement
• - Covers all APHIS costs

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New Recommendations

• Generic Dose for All Fruit flies 150
• Doses for 8 Additional Pests 60 - 300
• False red spider mite,
• Codling moth,
• Koa seedworm,
• Litchi fruit moth,
• Oriental fruit moth,
• Plum curculio,
• Sweetpotato weevil, and
• Apple maggot

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• Thank you

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ARS New Dose Recommendations

• Scientific name Common name
  Dose (Gy)
• Tephritidae (family) All Fruit flies 150
• Anastrepha ludens Mexican fruit fly 70
• Anastrepha obliqua West Indian fruit fly 100
• Anastrepha serpentina Sapote fruit fly 100
• Anastrepha suspensa Caribbean fruit fly 70
• Bactrocera jarvisi Jarvis fruit fly 100
• Bactrocera tryoni Queensland fruit fly 100
• Brevipalpus chilensis False red spider mite 300
• Cydia pomonella Codling moth 200
• Cryptophlebia illepida Koa seedworm 250
• Cryptophlebia ombrodelta Litchi fruit moth 250
• Grapholita molesta Oriental fruit moth 200
• Conotrachelus nenuphar Plum curculio 92
• Cylas formicarius elegantulus Sweetpotato
  weevil 165
• Rhagoletis pomonella Apple maggot 60
• Coccus viridis Green scale 400