METHODS OF RESEARCH

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METHODS OF RESEARCH
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RESEARCH METHODS

• HOW DO PSYCHOLOGISTS GO ABOUT
• TESTING A THEORY?
• VARIOUS FORMS OF RESEARCH ARE
• USED
• SPECIFIC STEPS NEED TO BE TAKEN

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FORUMLATE A HYPOTHESIS

• STATEMENT OF EXPECTED RESULTS.
• CLEARLY DEFINED

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TEST HYPOTHESIS

• Determine the best method to use to test your
  hypothesis and then develop your procedures.
• Determine if you need an experimental group and
  one or more control groups.

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EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

• IS EXPOSED TO THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE WHAT YOU
  ARE TESTING

CONTROL GROUP

• IS NOT EXPOSED TO THE
• INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

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EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
Experimental group-receives the independent
variable Control group- does not receive the
independent variable (may use placebo) Attempt
to control other variables Measure results
dependent variable If..(independent variable)
Then.(dependent variable)
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AT 300 A.M. IN NYC, KITTY GENOVESE
WAS ATTACKED ON THE STREET IN FRONT OF HER
APARTMENT. IT TOOK THE MAN OVER 30 MINUTES TO
MURDER HER.
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38 NEIGHBORS STOOD AT THEIR WINDOWS
AND WATCHED
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KITTY BROKE AWAY FROM HER ASSAILANT, ONLY TO BE
CAUGHT AGAIN. SHE SCREAMED FOR HELP OVER AND
OVER AGAIN. NO ONE HELPED HER OR CALLED THE
POLICE. FINALLY, ONE NEIGHBOR CALLED THE
POLICE, BUT IT WAS TOO LATE FOR KITTY.
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• IN A GAME OF CATCH, THE WAY THE BALL IS THROWN
  WILL AFFECT WHETHER THE BALL IS CAUGHT.
• STUDENTS SCORE HIGHER ON ACT TESTS IN THE MORNING
  THAN IN THE AFTERNOON

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• STRICT PARENTS RAISE CHILDREN WHO RARELY GET IN
  TROUBLE.
• The independent variable is the if
• part of the experiment
• The dependent variable is the then
• part of the experiment-what you are
• measuring.

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LABORATORY EXPERIMENT
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FIELD EXPERIMENT
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SURVEY METHOD
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NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION
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INTERVIEW
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PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST
MORE ACCURATE, OBJECTIVE DATA
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PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST OFTEN COMBINED WITH THE
INTERVIEW TO PROVIDE SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE
PERSPECTIVE.
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CASE STUDY METHOD
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LONGITUDINAL METHOD
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CROSS-SECTIONAL

• LESS EXPENSIVE AND TIME-
• CONSUMING THAN THE LONGITUDINAL METHOD.
• NOT APPROPRIATE FOR STUDIES ON
• DEVELOPMENT OVER TIME.

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CAN YOU TRUST THOSE POLLS

• What method of gathering information has become a
  public relations and lobbying tool?
• Describe how opinions about funding for foreign
  aid can show different results depending upon how
  the question is asked.
• Give similar examples regarding funding for
  public television, the arts,
• and social security.

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• What are the five tips one should consider in
  assessing poll results?
• From what you now know about the standards of
  research studies, find out as much as you can
  about any study or poll that you read about in a
  newspaper or magazine.