Doppler%20Wind%20Lidar:%20%20Current%20Activities%20and%20Future%20Plans

1
Doppler Wind Lidar Current Activities and
Future Plans

• Presented to
• Winter T-PARC Workshop
• October 8 - 10, 2008
• Presented by
• Dr. Wayman Baker
• NOAA/NASA/DoD Joint Center for Satellite Data
  Assimilation

2
Overview

• Background
• Why Measure Global Winds from Space?
• Hybrid Doppler Wind Lidar (HDWL)
• Space-Based Wind Lidar Roadmap
• Concluding Remarks

3
Background

• ESA plans to launch the first DWL in 2010
• Atmospheric Dynamics Mission (ADM)
• - Only has a single perspective view of the
  target volume
• - Only measures line-of-sight (LOS) winds
• A joint NASA/NOAA/DoD global wind mission offers
  the
• best opportunity for the U.S. to demonstrate
  a wind lidar
• in space in the coming decade
• - Measures profiles of the horizontal vector
  wind for the
• first time, i.e. provides the 3-D
  wind structure

4
Background (Cont.)

• NASA and NOAA briefings given to several
  agencies including
• USAF (March 20, 2007) letter sent from AF
  Director of Weather
• on August 1, 2007 to NASA HQ stating
• - Of the 15 missions recommended by the NRC,
  global
• tropospheric wind measurements was most
  important for
• the USAF mission
• - Willingness to endorse Space Experiments
  Review Board
• support via the DoD Space Test Program
• - USAF Space Command (May 8, 2007)
• - Army (May 10, 2007)
• - NOAA Observing Systems Council (NOSC June 8,
  2007 June 18, 2008)
• - Navy (June 11, 2007) supporting letter sent on
  August 8, 2007
• - Joint Planning and Development Office and FAA
  (June 18, 2007)
• - FAA (May 16, 2008)
• NOAA Research Council (May 19, 2008)
• NPOESS Program Executive Office (July 30, 2008)
• NASA Associate Director of Research (September
  29, 2008)

5
Background (Cont.)

• The National Research Council (NRC) Decadal
  Survey report recommended a global wind mission
• - The NRC Weather Panel determined that a
  Hybrid Doppler Wind Lidar
• (HDWL) in low Earth orbit could make a
  transformational impact on
• global tropospheric wind analyses.
• Wind profiles at all levels is listed as the 1
  priority in the strategic plan for United States
  Integrated Earth Observing System (USIEOS).
• Cost benefit studies have identified economic
  benefits 940M/year (2007 ) with the
  measurement of global wind profiles from space1,2

1 Cordes, J. (1995), Economic Benefits and
Costs of Developing and Deploying a Space-
Based Wind Lidar, Dept of Economics, George
Washington University, D-9502. 2 Miller, K.
(2008), Aviation Fuel Benefits Update, Lidar
Working Group, http//space.hsv.usra.edu/LWG/
Index.html
6
Why Measure Global Windsfrom Space ?

• The Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) community
• has unanimously identified global wind
  profiles as the
• most important missing observations.
• Independent modeling studies at NCEP, ESRL,
• AOML, NASA and ECMWF have consistently shown
• tropospheric wind profiles to be the single
  most
• beneficial measurement now absent from the
• Global Observing System.

7
Forecast ImpactUsing Actual Aircraft Lidar
Windsin ECMWF Global Model(Weissmann and
Cardinali, 2007)

• DWL measurements reduced the 72-hour forecast
  error by 3.5
• This amount is 10 of that realized at the
  oper. NWP centers worldwide in the past 10
• years from all the improvements in modelling,
  observing systems, and computing power
• Total information content of the lidar winds was
  3 times higher than for dropsondes

Green denotes positive impact
Mean (29 cases) 96 h 500 hPa height forecast
error difference (Lidar Exper minus Control
Exper) for 15 - 28 November 2003 with actual
airborne DWL data. The green shading means a
reduction in the error with the Lidar data
compared to the Control. The forecast impact
test was performed with the ECMWF global model.
8
Airborne Doppler Wind LidarsIn T-PARC/TCS-08
Experiment in Western North Pacific Ocean
(2008) to investigate tropical cyclone formation,
intensification, structure change and satellite
validation

• Multi-national funded 2 um DWL
• on DLR Falcon
• PI is Weissmann (DLR)
• Will fly with dropsondes

• ONR-funded P3DWL (1.6 um coherent)
• PI is Emmitt (SWA)
• Will co-fly with NCARs ELDORA and dropsondes
• Wind profiles with 50 m vertical and 1 km
  horizontal resolution

u,v,w,TAS, T,P,q
Dropsondes u, v ,P, T, q
u,v
Lidar horizontal wind speed
Data will be used to investigate impact of
improved wind data on numerical forecasts
T-PARC THORPEX Pacific Asian Regional
Campaign TCS-08 Tropical Cyclone Study 2008
9
Why Wind Lidar?Societal Benefits at a Glance
Improved Operational Weather Forecasts

• Estimated potential benefits 940M per year
  (2007 )
• Including military aviation fuel savings 130M
  per year

K. Miller, Aviation Fuel Benefits Update,
Lidar Working Group, July 2008, Wintergreen
VA, http//space.hsv.usra.edu/LWG/Index.html
10

• Hybrid Doppler Wind Lidar

11
Hybrid Doppler Wind LidarMeasurement
Geometry 400 km
350 km/217 mi 53 sec Along-Track Repeat Horiz.
Resolution
586 km/363 mi
12
HDWL Technology Solution
Overlap allows - Cross calibration - Best
measurements selected in assimilation process
Direct Detection Doppler Lidar -Uses molecular
backscatter -Meets threshold requirements when
aerosols not present
Altitude Coverage

• Coherent Doppler Lidar
• -Uses aerosol backscatter
• High accuracy winds when
• aerosols present

Velocity Estimation Error
13
HDWL Measurement Capability
Coherent Detection
14
HDWL Mission Coverage Compared to Rawinsonde
Network
Global rawinsonde network 850 worldwide
locations (81 in USA) average earth spacing
775 km average land spacing 425 km average
coterminous USA spacing 310 km 2/day
launches 1700 rawinsonde launches/day 1700
vector wind profiles/day Orbiting Hybrid Doppler
Lidar System 2 vector wind profiles/350 km 2
vector wind profiles/48.5 s 3566 vector wind
profiles/day Factor of 2.1 more vector wind
profiles More evenly distributed including
oceans Quality and calibration knowledge Consisten
t delivery and latency
15
Space-Based Wind Lidar Roadmap
2007 NAS Decadal SurveyRecommendations for
Tropospheric Winds

• 3D Tropospheric Winds mission called
  transformational
• and ranked 1 by Weather panel.
• 3D Winds also prioritized by Water Cycle
  panel.
• The Panel strongly recommends an aggressive
  program
• early on to address the high-risk components
  of the
• instrument package, and then design, build,
  aircraft-test,
• and ultimately conduct space-based flights of
  a prototype
• Hybrid Doppler Wind Lidar (HDWL).
• The Panel recommends a phased development of
  the
• HDWL mission with the following approach
• Stage 1 Design, develop and demonstrate a
  prototype HDWL system capable of global wind
  measurements to meet demonstration requirements
  that are somewhat reduced from operational
  threshold requirements. All of the critical
  laser, receiver, detector, and control
  technologies will be tested in the demonstration
  HDWL mission. Space demonstration of a prototype
  HDWL in LEO to take place as early as 2016.
• Stage II Launch of a HDWL system that would meet
  fully-operational threshold tropospheric wind
  measurement requirements. It is expected that a
  fully operational HDWL system could be launched
  as early as 2022.

16
HDWL Technology Maturity Roadmap
Past Funding
Laser Risk Reduction Program
IIP-2004 Projects
2-Micron Coherent Doppler Lidar
ROSES-2007 Projects
Conductive Cooling Techn. 1999
Diode Pump Technology 1993
Inj. Seeding Technology 1996
High Energy Technology 1997
Compact Packaging 2005
2 micron laser 1988
Packaged Lidar Ground Demo. 2007
TRL 6 to TRL 7
TRL 7 to TRL 9
TRL 5
2008 - 2012
2011 - 2013
2022. . .?
Autonomous Oper. Technol. Coh.
Space Qualified
Pre-Launch Validation
Lifetime Validation
Operational NexGen NPOESS
2016. . .?
GWOS
Autonomous Aircraft Oper WB-57
Aircraft Operation DC-8
Autonomous Oper. Technol. 2008 (Direct)
Space Qualif.
Pre-Launch Validation
Lifetime Validation
Compact Laser Packaging 2007
Compact Molecular Doppler Receiver 2007
Conductive Cooling Techn.
High Energy Laser Technology
Diode Pump Technology
Inj. Seeding Technology
1 micron laser
0.355-Micron Direct Doppler Lidar
17
Concluding Remarks

• Global wind profiles are the most important
  missing
• observations in the current observing system
• A HDWL mission will
• - Fill a critical gap in our capability
  to measure global wind profiles
• - Significantly improve the skill in
  forecasting high impact weather
• systems globally (i.e., hurricanes,
  mid-latitude storms, etc.),
• - Provide major societal benefits, both
  civilian and military
• - Potentially make a transformational
  impact on global
• tropospheric wind analyses, according
  to the NRC Weather Panel,
• and provide major benefits to NASA,
  NOAA and DoD, and to the Nation
• Field campaigns, such as T-PARC, contribute
• significantly to lidar risk reduction and
  help build
• excitement for the wind lidar data and a
  space mission