Unit 1: Earth's Dimensions

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Unit 1 Earth's Dimensions

• Topic The Parts of the Earth

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Objective 1

• The Earths outer layers are made up of 3 parts
• - Lithosphere or crust
• - Hydrosphere or oceans
• - Atmosphere or air/gas

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The lithosphere

• solid layer of rock that forms the outer shell of
  the Earth
• 100 kilometers in thickness
• upper portion is called the crust

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Hydrosphere

• the layer of water that rests on the lithosphere
• it is mainly made up of the oceans
• covers 70 of the Earth
• It is very thinabout 3.8 kilometers in thickness

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Atmosphere

• shell of gases that surrounds the Earth
• it is layered into four main zones
• -Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere,
  Thermosphere
• Troposphere Where we live!!
• Nitrogen (78) Oxygen (21)

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Unit 1 Earths Dimensions

• Topics Maps and Mapping
• (Part I)

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Objectives 1

• Polaris is used to determine the latitude
• The Lines run across and measure North to South
• 0 is the equator
• 90 is the North and South Pole
• What happens to Polaris when you decrease in
  Latitude?

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Locating Polaris

• Remember the rule
• Polaris altitude is the same as the latitude you
  are standing on --OR--
• Use Ursa Major (akaBig Dipper)
• Use the two pointer stars that are on the ladel
• Diagram it.

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Locating Polaris
Polaris
Ursa minor
Ursa major
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Looking North in the Northern Hemisphere
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Longitude

• Earth rotates from west to east
• Earth rotates 360 in 24 hours
• Which is 15 /hr
• 0 longitude is the Prime Meridian
• It is located in Greenwich, England

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Longitude

• How can this be helpful in navigation?
• LOCAL NOON sun at the highest point where you
  are
• Know the GMT (Greenwich Mean Time)
• Multiply the difference by 15 /hr your present
  longitude
• Practice It..

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What is the latitude and longitude of point X?
X
Y
What is the latitude and longitude of point Y?
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