all extinct

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Phylum ArthropodaSubphylum Trilobita

• all extinct
• body composed of
• Head
• Thorax
• Pygidium
• lots of appendages

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Phylum ArthropodaSubphylum Chelicerata
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Chelicerataall have chelicera and pedipalps

• Class Merostomata
• horseshoe crabs
• 3 genera, 5 species
• all marine
• virtually unchanged over millions of years

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Chelicerata Class Pycnogonida

• sea spiders
• 4 pairs of walking legs body thin and elongate
• gonads and digestive tract in legsall marine
• males carry eggs

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Chelicerata Class Arachnida

• spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks
• 4 pairs of legs
• no antennae or mandiblesbody divided into
• Cephalothorax
• abdomen
• mouthparts for sucking
• very successful 70,000 species
• major orders - all terrestrial

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ArachnidaOrder Araneae

• spiders
• 35,000 species
• spinnerets and silk glands
• spin webs

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ArachnidaOrder Araneae
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ArachnidaOrder Scorpionidascorpions

• poison stinger at end of abdomen
• Lots of segmentation indicates primitive group

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ArachnidaOrder Opiliones

• harvestmen, daddy longlegs
• abdomen and cephalothorax broadly joined

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ArachnidaOrder Acarina

• Mites and ticks
• Many facultative parasites, other free living

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ArachnidaOrder Pseudoscorpiones

• false scorpions
• Most predators in forest litter
• Some commensals on birds and large insects

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Phylum ArthropodaSubphylum Crustacea
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Subphylum Crustacea

• body is divided into 3 main parts
• Head
• Thorax
• abdomen
• in advanced forms head and thorax are united into
  a Cephalothorax and covered with a Carapace

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Subphylum Crustacea

• Main characteristics include
• 2 pairs of antennae

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Subphylum Crustacea

• Main characteristics include
• biramous appendages divided into exopod and
  endopod distally

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Subphylum Crustacea

• Main characteristics include
• life long molting

procuticle exocuticle endocuticle
Epicuticle
Procuticle
Epidermis
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Subphylum Crustacea

• Main characteristics include
• respiration usually by gills dorsal heart and
  blood vessels

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Subphylum Crustacea

• Main characteristics include
• primitive forms appendages have little
  specialization

Fairy shrimp

• advanced forms appendages specialized
• for
• Feeding
• Locomotion
• reproduction

shrimp
Crayfish
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Subphylum CrustaceaClass Branchiopoda

• some of the most primitive crustaceans
• no specialized respiratory structures use legs
• most are filter feeders
• most are microscopic
• many live in temporary aquatic habitats

Tadpole shrimp
Fairy shrimp
Cladoceran
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Subphylum CrustaceaClass Maxillopoda

• important component of the zooplankton of
  freshwaters and marine waters of the worldhave
  no abdominal appendages
• includes organisms like copepods, seed shrimp,
  barnacles
•  

Barnacles
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Subphylum CrustaceaClass Malacostraca

• largest and most successful crustacean class
• most are marine with complicated life cycles that
  include several larval stages
• freshwater forms usually have direct development

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Malacostracans
Amphipods
Isopods
Decapods
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Phylum ArthropodaSubphylum Uniramia
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Subphylum Uniramia

• conquered land
• as name implies appendages are uniramous
• respiration through a tracheal system, aquatic
  larvae may gills

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Subphylum Uniramia

• one pair of antennae

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Subphylum Uniramia
excretion with malpighian tubules
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Subphylum Uniramia

• molting continues until they reach adulthood
• most (i.e., insects) show some degree of
  metamorphosis (e.g., egg, larva, pupa, adult)
• Three major types of metamorphosis
• Ametabolous or no metamorphosis- direct
  development Collembola
• Hemimetabolous or gradual metamorphosis
  Hemiptera
• Holometabolous or complete metamorphosis
  Lepidoptera

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Subphylum Uniramia

• first groups (i.e., insects) that have taken up
  flight
• not all insects have wings

Grasshopper
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Subphylum Uniramiatwo classes

• Myriapoda (millipedes (Diplopoda) and centipedes
  (Chilopoda))
• body divided into head and trunk with many trunk
  segments most with appendages

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Myriapoda
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Subphylum Uniramiatwo classes

• Insecta or Hexapoda
• body divided into head, thorax, abdomen
• thorax with 3 pairs of legs
• thorax in most have 2 pairs of wings in adults
• insects most successful group of animals on earth
  

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Insecta

• some important biological advancements
• Diapause- over wintering or passing through
  drought periods
• Social Behavior- e.g., bees, termites
• Communication critical for development of
  societies

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Types of Communication
Chemosensory antennae

• chemical pheromones, ex. Moths and butterfllies
• sound- chirping, ex. Crickets and grasshoppers
• visual- bioluminescence, fire flies

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Insects and Humans
Polinators

• many beneficial insects ex., bees
• many harmful insects
• eat crops grasshoppers
• vectors of disease mosquitoes

Crop destruction
Disease vectors
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Some important insect orders

• Hymenoptera- bees, wasps
• Many build complex societies

Honey bee
Yellow jackets
Ant
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Some important insect orders

• Lepidoptera moths and butterflies
• Larvae or catepillars important herbivores

Giant moth
Viceroy
Hornworm
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Some important insect orders

• Orthoptera grasshoppers and crickets
• Some are important crop pests

Cricket
Grasshopper
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Some important insect orders

• Diptera true flies
• Many are important disease vectors
• Larvae are decomposers and some are predators

Mosquito
Housefly
Fleshfly
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Some important insect orders

• Hemiptera- true bugs
• Some feed on plant juices so are crop pests
• Others are strictly predators, some feeding on
  pest insects

Wheelbug
Stinkbug
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Some important insect orders

• Coleoptera- beetles (most successful order of
  animals on earth)
• About 500,000 species have been described

Diving beetle
Rhinocerus beetle
Ladybug
Weevil