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Grid Computing in Academia and Business

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Local batch system (PBS, LSF, Condor) Workload Management. WMS (EDG) ... Condor-C (Condor) Storage Element. File Transfer/Placement (EGEE) glite-I/O (AliEn) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Grid Computing in Academia and Business


1
Grid Computing in Academia and Business
  • Dr. Heinz Stockinger
  • Research Lab for Computational Technologies and
    Applications
  • Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna
  • Rathausstrasse 19/9, A-1010 Vienna, Austria
    Email Heinz.Stockinger_at_univie.ac.at
  • EC3, 3 May 2005, Vienna

2
Agenda
  • General Grid Concepts
  • Grids in Academia
  • Main trends
  • Business in the Grid (BIG) project
  • Discussion

3
The Grid Vision (1)
Researchers perform their activities regardless
of geographical location, interact with
colleagues, share and access data
Grid Middleware provides part of the software
infrastructure
Scientific instruments and experiments provide
huge amount of data
4
The Grid Vision (2)
  • A Grid is
  • Special form of distributed computing
  • Computing and storage resources are distributed
    over several locations (sites)
  • Sites are typically connected via wide-area
    network links
  • Site normally has a local-area network which
    itself has distributed computing and data storage
    resources
  • Check list given by Ian Foster
  • coordinate resources that are not subject to
    centralized control
  • using standard, open, general-purpose protocols
    and interfaces
  • deliver non-trivial qualities of service

5
More Grid Definitions
  • coordinated resource sharing and problem solving
    in dynamic, multi-institutional virtual
    organizations. I.Foster
  • A VO is a collection of users sharing similar
    needs and requirements in their access to
    processing, data and distributed resources and
    pursuing similar goals.
  • Key concept
  • ability to negotiate resource-sharing
    arrangements among a set of participating parties
    (providers and consumers) and then to use the
    resulting resource pool for some purpose
    I.Foster

6
The Grid distributed computing idea 1/2
7
The Grid distributed computing idea 2/2
8
Typical Grids
  • The Grid vision can be applied best to
    applications that have the following features
  • Distributed user community
  • Lots of computing power is required
    (Computational Grid)
  • Lots of storage capacity is required (Data Grid)
  • Distributed storage locations etc.
  • Grids can be applied in academia and industrial
    environments

9
  • Currently, mainly in computing intensive
    sciences
  • High Energy Physics, Earth Observation, Biology,
    Biomedicine
  • Engineering, Multimedia
  • Example Grid
  • High Energy Physics (HEP) application

10
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11
CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research)
  • Over a Petabyte of data per year
  • Several thousand users

12
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13
Grid Topology
14
Grid Storage Model
15
Grid Topology
  • Grid computing has its roots in classical
    parallel and distributed computing domain
  • Mainly designed for expensive and specialised
    parallel computing hardware
  • Initially, special purpose interconnects and
    programming languages were used
  • Common standards and programming models were
    required (standards like MPI and PVM were
    created)
  • Standardisation also paved the way for the more
    general cluster computing approach
  • High performance versus high throughput computing
  • Originally, the parallel and distributed
    community dealt with CPU intensive applications
  • Later, applications became more data intensive
    and several parallel I/O techniques were
    developed (http//www.cs.dartmouth.edu/pario)

16
Brief History of Grid Technology (2)
  • The nature of distributed resources has a
    stronger impact on the Grid
  • First emergence of Grid computing ideas in many
    of the early meta computing projects
  • HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
  • Made possible world-wide information sharing
  • The Web that exploded in the early 1990ies can be
    considered as one of the direct predecessors of
    the Grid.
  • Building on several of the Internet protocols and
    ideas from parallel and distributed computing,
    the first Grid ideas gained world-wide interest
    around 1998/99
  • HTTP mainly allows for information sharing
  • Grid allows for all kinds of resource sharing
  • Computing and data (information) resources
  • Many Grid projects have been created since that
    time
  • Grid projects all over the world
  • Note that world-wide distributed applications
    exist already much longer but the term Grid was
    created around 1998 by Ian Foster and Carl
    Kesselman

17
Service (Provider)
Service (Provider)
Service Broker
Service Broker
communication
communication
communication
communication
Service Requester
Service Requester
18
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19
  • Computing Element
  • Gatekeeper (Globus)
  • Condor-C (Condor)
  • CE Monitor (EGEE)
  • Local batch system (PBS, LSF, Condor)
  • Workload Management
  • WMS (EDG)
  • Logging and bookkeeping (EDG)
  • Condor-C (Condor)
  • Storage Element
  • File Transfer/Placement (EGEE)
  • glite-I/O (AliEn)
  • GridFTP (Globus)
  • SRM Castor (CERN), dCache (FNAL, DESY), other
    SRMs

20
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21
  • Grid Computing mainly for computing and data
    intensive applications?
  • Is there a market in business?
  • Isn't that too restricted to certain specific
    domains?
  • Grid Standardisation
  • Global Grid Form develop standard protocols
  • Open Grid Service Architecture (OGSA)
  • Current Grid services are based on web services
  • Often, the boarder is not clear
  • In this way Grid technology can get more accepted

22
  • The objective of the BIG project is to understand
    the possibilities and needs of doing business in
    the Grid infrastructure.

http//www.cs.univie.ac.at/big
23
  • Market potential analysis and information
    dissemination
  • Is the Grid ready for business?
  • What needs to be done?
  • Revisiting of existing (E-)business models for
    the Grid
  • Development of novel business models for the Grid

24
  • Apple Europe
  • Muehlehner Tavolto
  • Magna Steyr
  • WIFI Wien
  • MCNC (North Carolina)
  • Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation
    Technik
  • EC3
  • H3G (Drei Austria)
  • Sun Microsystems Austria
  • Oracle Austria
  • Telekom Austria
  • SAP Austria
  • Bull Austria
  • Uniqa
  • Microsoft Austria

25
  • Many multi-national IT companies have Grid
    activities
  • Selling Grid products
  • Often LAN and/or WAN solutions
  • Participation in Grid projects or standards
  • Service providers for
  • CPU time
  • Storage space
  • Many SMEs do not yet have (detailed) Grid
    knowledge
  • Technology is too new
  • Still a high risk

26
  • Business usually does not need the typical Grid
    domains for large storage/computing
  • Needs more customer oriented services
  • Web services seem to provide a better model
  • However, there is no clear separation between
    Grid and web computing

27
Conclusion
  • Grids are rather well established in certain
    (scientific) communities
  • EU is investing lots of money into Grid
    activities
  • Interested to see business industry activities
  • Big companies are already investing into this
    technology
  • SMEs currently only marginal players
  • Further Information
  • http//www.cs.univie.ac.at/cta
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