Maximizing Insect Control With New Insecticide Groups

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Maximizing Insect Control With New Insecticide
Groups

• David J. Shetlar (the BugDoc)
• Associate Professor of Entomology
• The Ohio State University
• Columbus, OH

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Insecticide LD50s
Pyrethroids (disrupt nerve sodium pump)
Bifenthrin (Talstar) 375 Cyfluthrin (Tempo)
826 Fluvalinate (Mavrik) 282 L-cyhalothrin
(Scimitar) 79 Permethrin (Astro) 430
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New Insecticide LD50s
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Comparison of LD50s of Neonicotinoid Insecticides
Neonicotinoid Category Chemical Name (trade
name) LD50
Nitroguanidine Imidacloprid (Merit) 450 Clothia
nidin (Arena) gt5000 Thiamethoxam
(Meridian) 1563 Dinotefuran (Safari) gt2000 Pyri
dylmethylamine Acetamiprid (TriStar) 217 based
on rat oral LD50 studies
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Major Cool-SeasonTurfgrass Insect Pests

• White Grubs
• Billbugs
• Chinch Bugs
• Sod Webworms

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Know Your Spectrum of Grubs! Each species has
unique attributes.
Ataenius Aphodius
May/June Beetle green June
beetle European chafer masked
chafer Japanese beetle
Oriental beetle Asiatic garden beetle
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So, How Do We Predict Grub Activity Damage?

• Previous History! (in general, you have an 80
  chance of repeat activity)
• Lawns between 3 (sodded) and 5 (seeded) years old
  are more susceptible. Lawns over 8 years are
  less susceptible!
• Grubs love sun!
• Keeping turf green during grub egg laying
  increases grub risk!
• Wet Seasons tend to increase grubs!

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Japanese Beetle
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Masked Chafers
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Japanese Beetle Life Stages Each stage differs
in its susceptibility to controls!
egg 1st 2nd
3rd pupa
adult instar larva
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Japanese Beetle Annual Cycle
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP
OCT NOV DEC
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Ranked Efficacy of White Grub Insecticides 1976
2003a

Halofenozide
1.5
91.1
63
10-100
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(MACH2)
93.1
2.0
36
56-100
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a Data from ESA publications (1977-2003) Ohio
testing using masked chafer and Japanese beetle
data where label timing recommendations were used
and at least 4.0 grubs per sq.ft. were found in
checks.
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Grub Control Timing IssuesIPM or Not!?

• Early Preventive? (before egg lay)
• Preventive? (at egg lay)
• Curative? (after egg hatch)
• Rescue? (when damage shows up)

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Comparison of Grub Insecticide Efficacy by Time
of Application
rate ave control (tests) Insecticide
lb.ai./a. May June July to Aug 16 to Sept 10
Halofenozide 1.5 88.4 (7) 94.4 (23) 88.3
(20) 89.6 (19) 77.7 (27) (MACH2) 2.0 Imidachl
oprid 0.3 69.8 (12) 90.6 (18) 94.5 (23) 94.5
(27) 94.2 (34) (Merit) 0.4 62.0 (1) 88.0
(1) 89.0 (1) 82.0 (1) --- Clothianidin 0.3
--- --- 100 (1) --- 97.0
(1) (Arena) 0.4 --- --- 97.0 (1) ---
--- Trichlorfon 8.0 --- --- --- 62.2 (5)
77.7 (19)
a Data from ESA publications (1977-2003) Ohio
testing using masked chafer and Japanese beetle
data where label timing recommendations were used
and at least 4.0 grubs per sq.ft. were found in
checks.
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Bluegrass Billbug Is the dominant species in
cool-season lawns.
Adult and larva
Larva in crown
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Billbug or Hairy Chinch Bug Damage??
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How Do We Predict Billbug Activity Damage?

• Billbugs are ALWAYS present!
• Billbugs Drought Dead Turf!
• Usually 1-in-3 to 2-in-5 years have sufficient
  drought for billbug damage to show up.
• Endophytes ( 40) reduce damage.

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Billbug Diagnosis Use the tug test
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Bluegrass Billbug Life Cycle in Ohio
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1999 Ohio Billbug Preventive
Treatment
Control
Rate
Date Appl
0.13
DeltaGard 0.4SC
67
7 May
0.40
96
Merit 75WP
7 May
0.06
81
Scimitar 0.88GC
7 May
1.50
81
MACH2 2LTI
7 May
1.50
89
MACH2 2LTI
11 Jun
0.26
100
7 May
Meridian 25W
0.20
81
11 Jun
Meridian 25W
appl - 6May Columbus, OH read - 25June(48DAT)
32.0 adults/sq.ft. check
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2003 Ohio Billbug Prev/Cur Test
Treatment
Control
Rate
appl - 16 May or 6 June read - 17July (61 41
DAT) 39.75 bb/sq.ft. check
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Columbus, Ohio Area Lawn in mid-July, 2005.
Whats wrong?
Hints Sodded Mainly KBG Green tufts are PRG!
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Hairy chinch bugs in thatch
Hairy chinch bug adults - long wing short wing
forms
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How Do We Predict Chinch Bug Activity Damage?

• Common in certain neighborhoods!
• Prefer KBG, especially old cultivars!
• Sun, thatch drought??
• Can not tolerate endophyte levels above 40!

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Hairy Chinch Bug Life Stages
egg 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
5th normal winged
short winged
instar nymphs
adult adult
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Hairy chinch bug life cycle in Ohio with damage
and control windows
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2001 Ohio Hairy Chinch Bug Control
Control
Treatment
Rate
7DAT
14DAT
appl. 30 Aug., Springboro, OH 943.5 418.6
hcb/sq.ft. checks _at_ 7, 14 DAT
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2002 OH Hairy Chinch Bug Control - LC
Control
Treatment
Rate
8DAT
16DAT
appl. 27 Aug., Dublin, OH 240.0 224.2
hcb/sq.ft. checks _at_ 8, 16 DAT LC
lambda-cyhalothrin (Scimitar) formulations
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2004 OH Hairy Chinch Bug Control Alternate
Products Spinosad, Azadirachtin, Facin
Spinosad 0.3G
0.4
95
65
71
96
0.6
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Spinosad 0.3G
60
85
0.05
71
Azatrol 0.1G
52
56
0.1
71
Azatrol 0.1G
63
56
8.5oz/M
87
Facin
85
58
10oz/M
77
Facin
92
94
0.2
100
Talstar 0.115G
90
appl. 22 July, Pickerington, OH 44.0, 44.0
56.9 hcb/sq.ft. checks _at_ 7, 14 21 DAT
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2004 OH Hairy Chinch Bug Control Imidacloprid
Bifenthrin Combo Acetamiprid
Acetamiprid
0.18
95
99
99
96
0.28
100
Acetamiprid
100
98
0.36
100
Acetamiprid
100
99
0.1
99
Talstar One F
98
99
0.2
100
Talstar One F
100
91
0.3
100
Merit 2
95
99
0.2 0.16
100
Merit Talstar
100
appl. 25 Aug., Pickerington, OH 212.8, 212.8
274.1 hcb/sq.ft. checks _at_ 7, 14 21 DAT
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Sod Webworms
Larva and frass
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Sod Webworms
Bluegrass WW P. teterrella Larger SWW Pediasia
trisecta Striped SWW Fissicrambus mutabilis Corn
Root Webworm Crambus caliginosellus Vagabond
Crambus Agriphila vulgivagella
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How Do We Predict Sod Webworm Activity Damage?

• All lawns have SWWs, but few show symptoms!
• Drought conditions tend to help SWW populations.
• Droughted turf exaggerates SWW damage
  detection.
• Adults are not a predictor of larvae!
• SWW do not do well in endophytic turf.

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Bluegrass Webworm in Ohio
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Cranberry Girdler, Chrysoteuchia topiaria (
Subterranean Sod Webworm)
Cranberry girdler larvae have white spots on a
white body! These pests can kill patches of turf
in September and October.
Adult cranberry girdler
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Cranberry girdler larvae chew off grass stems,
causing irregular patches of dead turf.
Pulling back the dead turf allows you to see the
frass pellets and larvae of the cranberry girdler.
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Turf Caterpillar Controls
Insecticide Rate Control Tests
Organophosphates Diazinon 5.5 94.0 4 Dursban 1
.0 98.7 18 Dylox/Proxol 8.0 87.3 4 Orthene 5.
0 92.3 4 Carbamates Sevin 4.0 96.8 5 Turcam
2.0 89.7 3
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Turf Caterpillar Controls
Insecticide Rate Control Tests
Pyrethroids Astro 0.04 100.0 2 DeltaGard 0.08
94.5 2 Scimitar 0.02 96.8 5 Tempo 0.10 97.6
21 Spinosyn Conserve 0.3 90.1 6
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Turf Caterpillar Controls
Insecticide Rate Control Tests
Neonicotinoids Merit 0.3 48.5 7 Molt
Accelerator (growth regulator) MACH2 1.0 86.5 7
Nematodes S. carpocapsae 1.0 bil 89.6 7 H.
bact. 0.5 bil 67.0 4
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Summary

• There are several neonicotinoids now registered
  and soon to be registered. DONT think that they
  are all the same!
• Neonicotinoids provide you with the opportunity
  to take out multiple pests with one application!
• Watch for combinations of insecticide categories
  to broaden spectrum of pests controlled!
• Even more insecticide chemistries are on the way!

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Come visit the BugDoc at http//bugs.osu.edu
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Questions?