Dr' Ahmad Shukri bin Abdullah Veterinary Institute, Malaysia

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A Review Of The Anatomy Physiology of The
Female Reproductive System

• Dr. Ahmad Shukri bin AbdullahVeterinary
  Institute, Malaysia

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Female Reproductive Tract

• ?Primary Sex Organ - ovaries
• ?Tubular Genitalia - oviduct
• - uterus
• - cervix
• - vagina
• ?External Portion - vulva

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cervix
uterus
vagina
ovary
vulva
oviduct
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• OVARY
• Primary sex organ
• Paired organ in the pelvic cavity
• Size shape of almond
• Right ovary bigger than left
• Usually near uterine horn
• Attached by ovarian ligament

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• OVARY FUNCTION
• Germinal epithelium -produce ova
• Produce female hormones

Follicle ruptured release ovum
Corpus luteum produces progestrone
Cortex produces estrogen
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OVIDUCT

• Ovum duct / egg transporter
• 20 25 cm long 1 2 mm diameter
• 3 portion
• -isthmus,
• -ampulla,
• -infundibulum

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OVIDUCT

• FUNCTION
• Transport ovum from ovary to uterine horn
• Fimbriae catches guide ovum towards tube
• Ciliated epithelial cell
• Site of fertilization
• Glands provides nutrients to eggs

oocytes
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• UTERUS
• Within pelvic cavity
• Supported by broad ligament
• Like rams horn
• 2 parts horn and body
• Horn 35-40 cm long,1-5 cm diameter
• Horns joined by intercornual ligament
• Body 2-5 cm long, 2-5 cm

Pregnant uterus
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• UTERUS
• FUNCTION
• Receive and nourish fertilised ovum
• House protect Fetus
• Supply nutrients to fetus via cotyledons
• Expel fetus at birth

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• CERVIX
• Separate uterus from vagina
• 7 12 cm long, 2-3 cm diameter
• Narrow opening(os/ mouth)
• Pocket like structure (fornix)
• Annular / circular fold (3-5)

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• CERVIX
• Powerful ring of muscle (sphincter) closes
  opening of uterus
• Prevent entry of foreign materials
• Protects contents of uterus
• Lumen open during estrus
• Expel fetus during calving
• Secretes thick mucus, form protective plug

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• VAGINA
• Hollow tube between cervix and vulva
• Thin but very elastic
• Diameter varies 4 10 cm

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• VAGINA
• Function
• Mucous membrane produces lubricant and reduce
  friction during mating
• Muscular wave assist in parturation

Artificial vagina
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• VULVA
• External part of tract
• 2 lips/labia which encloses the vestibules
• Lies just below the anus
• Urethral orifice connects urethra to urinary
  bladder
• Clitoris, sensitive tissue located between labia

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• VULVA
• FUNCTION
• Muscular ring or uterus prevents entry of harmful
  bacteria
• During estrus, lips of vulva become red due to
  engorgement of blood
• Glands secrete mucus

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