The FullScale Exercise

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The Full-Scale Exercise
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The Full-Scale Exercise

• OBJECTIVES
• List the characteristics of a Full-Scale Exercise
  
• Identify potential players in a Full-Scale
  Exercise
• Recognize the major accomplishments of a
  Full-Scale Exercise
• Describe Design Tasks for Full-Scale Exercise
  development
• List roles of Full-Scale Exercise participants

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The Full-Scale Exercise

• Full-scale exercise combines the interactivity of
  a functional exercise with field response
  resources and issues.
• It is close to the real thing a possible.
• It employs real personnel, equipment, and
  resources in missions that follow SOPs and Plans.

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The Full-Scale Exercise

• Builds on Functional Exercise aspects
• Major and detailed events
• Messages
• Combines the Drill with Command Problems
• Field play-problems (drills) can be substituted
  for scripted messages or be in addition to them
• SAFETY becomes a paramount issue!
• Responders can be injured in field response play
• Exercise Controllers act as Safety Officers as
  part of Exercise Staff as well as player staffed
  ICS Safety Officer and overall Exercise Safety
  Officer

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The Full-Scale Exercise

• It can exercise most emergency functions
• It can be multi-jurisdictional or multi-agency
• Should open all major Command and Control
  facilities
• EOCs - State Local Govt.should activate
• Command Posts and Departmental Command Centers
  should be utilized
• Many can be active as of exercise start

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The Full-Scale Exercise

• The exercise will be typically conducted in
  multiple locations
• Command Locations (CP and/or EOC)
• Field Activity locations
• Support Locations

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Requirements of Full-Scale Exercises

• Prior experience with other types of exercises
• Support and commitment from officials and
  emergency service organizations
• Appropriate physical facilities
• Adequate communication and location for Exercise
  Control Staff
• Adequate funding, labor, time and commitment from
  participating agencies

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Major Accomplishments
1. Establishing the foundation
5. Exercise Improvement planning
2. Exercise development
4. Exercise evaluation
3. Exercise conduct
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Using the Exercise Process

• Process applies to
• All types and levels of exercises
• Any size jurisdiction
• Any type of organization
• Flexibility is the key
• Each task must be designed, tailored, and applied
  in a way that suits their objectives and
  capabilities

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1 Establishing the Foundation

• 1. Plans should have been improved by previous
  tabletop and functional exercises
• 2. Review Needs Assessment for accuracy
• 3. Assess capability to conduct Full-Scale
  exercise
• 4. Define the scope - Usually the most complex
  exercise is a Full-scale
• 5. Select the exercise type - Full-scale
• 6. Address costs and liabilities - Usually higher
• 7. Develop a statement of purpose
• 8. Gain support and announce the exercise

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2 Exercise Development

• 1. Assess needs
• 2. Define scope
• 3. Write a statement of purpose
• 4. Define objectives
• 5. Compose a narrative
• 6. Write major and detailed events
• 7. List expected actions
• 8. Prepare messages

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Exercise design issues

• Site selection
• Scene management
• Personnel and resources
• Response capability
• Communications
• Safety

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Site Selection

• Realism
• Space
• Can we fit all participants? Hot, Warm, Cold
  Zones?
• Site approval, consider adjacent businesses and
  homes we may impact
• Site Limitations, especially environmental

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Community Impact

• Street closures
• Business disruptions
• Misinformation rumors
• School blew up many kids hurt

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TYPICAL SITE MAP
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Scene Management

• Logistics - water, porta-potties, parking
• Assembling scenes, props, etc.
• Simulator (victim) staging, rehab
• Simulator management of props (smoke, sound
  effects, etc.)
• SAFETY!

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Safety

• Define role of safety officers
• ICS safety officer responsibilities
• Make sure they are identified (vests, arm bands)
• Make sure they are familiar with the exercise
  scenario
• Placed where the most harm could occur

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Costs and Liability Issues

• Cost items
• Salaries
• Contract services
• Equipment and materials
• Fuel
• Miscellaneous items

• Other considerations
• Reimbursement for overtime?
• Who foots the bill?
• Exercise responsibilities covered in job
  descriptions?
• Routine exercise costs recognized by officials?
• Injury and damage covered by insurance?

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Media Issues

• Full-scale exercises are attractive events to
  Media, especially television.
• Be aware of the two media responses
• Media simulators cover incident scenario
• Real media cover exercise as photogenic event
• Exercise Team should have PIO as well as
  responder ICS Information Officer
• Media simulators could be local Journalism /
  Communications students

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Emergency Call Off

• Real world emergencies can and do occur during
  exercises.
• Real world emergencies are a first priority.
• Could be on-site or off-site.
• Exercise may be cancelled or put on hold until
  situation is resolved.
• A pre-arranged code word should be briefed to all
  exercise participants

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Exercise Staff

• Controllers, Simulators, Evaluators, Observers.
• All should keep logs.
• Exercise packets should be issued.
• Radios, mini cassette recorders may be issued.
• All should have distinctive identification.
• Badges, armbands, hats, T-shirts, etc.

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Example of Exercise Staff Badges
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Controllers

• All Controllers report to Lead Controller.
• Lead Controller and Control Team have ultimate
  authority at exercise sites.
• Subject area experts should have specific
  assignments to assist Lead Controller.
• Controllers should have prior training.
• Exercises covering wide geographic and functional
  areas may require many Controllers.

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Simulators

• Simulators report to Controllers.
• Represent all non-player agencies or people the
  players interact with.
• Some may require extensive subject matter
  expertise.
• All require some training or briefing.
• Simulators operate all props.
• Controllers may hold dual roles as simulators.
• Applying moulage to victims or actors takes
  time, have victims arrive early.

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Student Simulators / Victims during a HAZMAT
Full-scale Exercise
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Simulators cont.

• Moulaged victims must be cleaned up and
  prosthesis devices recovered
• Victim simulators will need transportation to
  and from exercise sites
• You usually cannot get as many victims as you
  would like
• Moulage is expensive
• Have CISM personnel available for victims
• Always use mannequins to represent the deceased!
  Never use actors!

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Evaluators

• Subject matter expertise is required.
• All Evaluators require prior training to be
  familiar with evaluation methodology.
• Evaluators do not interact with players.
• No coaching without controller approval.
• Evaluators may play dual role as simulators with
  controller approval.
• Controllers should not act as Evaluators.

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Observers

• Are under control of the Controllers.
• Require a pre-exercise briefing.
• Are guests VIPs, other jurisdictions, etc.
• Do not interact with players.
• Do not control or inject messages.
• Are not required to keep logs, evaluations or
  contribute to after action reports.
• May be restricted to viewing areas or teamed with
  a controller with protocol or liaison training.
• Observers should stay out of the way of other
  participants.

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EXERCISE ENHANCEMENT

• Props, Videos, Maps, Smoke Machines
• Be aware of costs
• Arrangements should be made well in advance
• Check for safety and environmental considerations
• Have a back-up plan for weather changes or
  mechanical failures

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EXERCISE ENHANCEMENTS
PROPS
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3 Exercise Conduct

• To conduct a successful exercise
• Be clear
• Sustain action
• Foster realism
• Establish timelines
• Review emergency call-off procedures
• Capitalize on problemsituations

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4 Critique and Evaluating

• Conduct Hot-wash or critique of players
  immediately after Exercise
• Evaluators are still collecting information
• Exercise Director or Chief Exercise Controller to
  lead
• Evaluate how well the objectives have been
  achieved
• Extent and depth of evaluation is determined by
  participating organizations
• Critique and report Analyze results and give
  recommendations for addressing deficiencies

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Challenges of a Full-scale Exercise
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Full-Scale Challenges

• Exercise can take a life of its own
• GO INTO LEFT FIELD
• Deal with issues not intended
• Weather doesnt always cooperate
• Rain
• Wind direction
• Freezing Hot
• (Safety concerns)
• Time conducted (daytime vs. night)

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Other Challenges of a Full-Scale Exercise

• Personnel Equipment Response capabilities
• May not be available and may be simulated
• May leave for a real-world emergency.
• Exercise experience should be documented as
  training
• Always have an immediate post-exercise Hot Wash
  for players that emphasizes the positive aspects
  of their response

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Other Challenges of a Full-Scale Exercise

• Full Scale Exercises can be hard to manage.
• It is rarely possible to simulate activity to
  steer the exercise if it is an area that has
  real world deployed units or personnel.
• Information flow back to the exercise control
  system can be delayed.
• Expected actions are variable

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5 Exercise Follow-up

• Getting full benefit from an exercise requires
  following up on evaluation recommendations.
• Assign responsibility for Evaluation Report and
  corrective action
• Monitor progress. Use a Timeline as Benchmark.
• Complete the cycle Build testing of
  improvements into the next exercise

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Full-scale Exercise Planning Checklist
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Planning a Full-scale Exercise

• Scenario Development
• Scope
• Site Selection
• Purpose Statement
• Setting Objectives
• Narrative
• Major / Detailed Events
• Scene Management

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Planning a Full-scale Exercise

• Actual Response Capability
• Personnel and Resources
• Safety
• On-site Layout
• Legal Liability
• Media
• Emergency Call-off
• Exercise Staff

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Planning a Full-scale Exercise

• Other Considerations Unique to a full scale
  exercise based on your location
• What is your experience?

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Questions

• Thoughts
• Comments
• Questions