The Crusades

1
The Crusades

• In this lesson, students will be able to define
  the following terms
• Pilgrim
• Crusades
• Students will also be able to explain one cause
  of the Crusades and one effect of the Crusades.

2
In the seventh century, Muslims
conquered Palestine.
3
Muslim Conquest

• In the seventh century, Muslims conquered
  Palestine.
• Initially, the Muslim conquerors allowed Jews and
  Christians to freely enter the Holy Land.
• As time passed, some Muslim rulers were less
  tolerant.

4
Christians wanted to visit the land where Jesus
was born. When a person travels for religious
purposes, he is a pilgrim.
5
Rumors and Intolerance

• As the years passed, reports spread that some
  Muslims had killed Christian pilgrims and
  destroyed churches.
• European Christians were also increasingly
  intolerant of Muslims controlling the Holy Land.
• As tensions increased, war seemed inevitable.

6
In 1095, Pope Urban II called for a crusade,
or war, against the Muslims.
7
Pope Urban II

• In 1095, Pope Urban II, the head of the Roman
  Catholic Church, called for a crusade, or war,
  against the Muslims.
• Ultimately, the Christians fought many crusades
  against the Muslims.
• However, Christians never permanently regained
  control of the Holy Land.

8
For almost 200 years from 1096 to
1291- European crusaders went to the Holy Land.
9
Many Europeans Joined the Crusades. Some joined
for the promise of Heaven. Others joined hoping
for wealth.
10
Crusaders

• Crusaders were European Christians who heeded the
  Popes call to regain the Holy Land.
• Crusaders joined for many reasons.
• Some joined for the promise of Heaven, others for
  wealth, and still others for adventure.

11
Crusaders often wore a cross on their breastplate.
12
The Effects of the Crusades

• Historians frequently call the Crusades a
  successful failure.
• While Europeans never regained permanent control
  of the Holy Land and many people were killed,
  cultural diffusion increased.
• Europeans began to trade with the Middle East.

13
Europeans learned about Arab art, architecture,
medicine, and mathematics.
14
Questions for Reflection

• Why were Christians upset that Muslims had gained
  control of the Holy Land?
• Define pilgrim.
• What is a crusade?
• Why did the Pope call for a Crusade?
• Why do historians call the Crusades a successful
  failure?
• What was an effect of the Crusades?