Drug Study in Children

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Drug Study in Children
Harsh Mod (50)
Taufik Momin (56)
Maulik Modi (54)
Hardik B. Modi (53)
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Research question What is the pattern of drugs
used in 100 children below 12 years of age in
Kagdivad area?
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• Aims
• To find out the pattern of drugs used in 100
  children below 12 years of age in Kagdiwad area
• To study rational drug use in paediatric
  population
• Objectives
• To enlist the drugs given to the children in the
  last month according to their dose, duration,
  regularity and prescription status
• To enlist the drugs available at home for the
  children and to find out their dose, duration,
  regularity of use and prescription status

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Materials and methods Design of the study -
cross sectional study Subjects - 100 children lt
12 years of age Ethical consideration -
informed consent to be obtained from the parents
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• Methodology
• Questionnaire was prepared
• 100 children lt12 years of age in kagdiwad area
  were selected for the study
• Informed consent was taken from the parents
• Questions were asked to the parents and he
  answers were noted in the defined format
• Drugs given to the children were enlisted along
  with their dose, duration, regularity and
  prescription status
• Drugs available at home were enlisted along with
  their dose, duration, regularity and prescription
  status
• Data was entered in the computer and analysis was
  carried out using statistical software

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• Limitations
• Due to certain technical problem in data entry,
  certain points of data analysis was not possible
• Due to chikungunya epidemic antipyretic and
  analgesic were found to be higher than usual
• Due to higher numbers of total drugs taken, only
  major points of analysis are given in data
  analysis

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Data Analysis
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Major features of data analysis are as
follow Distribution of gender according to age
group
Out of 100 children we have studied, 5 are
infants,42 are preschool age children and 53
are school age children. Among them 65 are male
and 35 are female.
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Class frequency
Out of 100 children we have studied, 21
are from class 1, 38 are from class 2, 29 are
from class 3 remaining 12 are from class 4
5. so there is representation of all the socio
economic class and this helped to compare various
differences according to class.
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Drugs taken in the last month Prescription
status of drugs In our study, paracetamol(20.4),
cephalosporins(10.9), Vit B-complex(7.3),
diclofenac(10.2) are commonly taken drugs.. and
as far as the prescription status is concerned,
only 2(1.5) drugs(paracetamol nimesulide) were
taken without prescription out of 137 recorded
datas..
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Distribution of drugs according to their proper
dose
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Showing duration of drugs Out of 31 drugs we
have recorded, Vitamin B complex is the commonest
drug given for longer duration Among all the
drugs available at home ,25 drugs are taken as
and when required(SOS) and among the drugs taken
SOS, paracetaml is the commonest drug. And 50
paracetamol, 43 nimesulide and 43 cetrizine are
taken SOS Regarding regularity of
drugs paracetamol and codeine are the drugs
taken with more irregularity.
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Distribution of prescribed drug according to
their regularity
Above table shows that all the drugs not
prescribed are not taken regularly. Among
prescribed drugs 26 drugs are not taken
regularly.
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• Other major points regarding drugs taken in last
  month
• Only in case of fever, drugs are taken without
  prescription
• Drugs are not taken in proper dose in 6 of fever
  case.
• If drugs are taken for longer duration,
  irregularity is more.
• in 40 cases of fever , 36 cases of infection
  33 cases of cold, drugs are taken as and when
  required..
• In 30 of fever cases, drugs are not given
  regularly. In 80 cases of cough, drugs are not
  given regularly. In 60 cases of cold, drugs are
  not given regularly. Fever is the commonest cause
  in which drugs are given irregularly.

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Drugs available at home Prescription status of
drugs In our study paracetamol(26),
cephalosporins(9) and vit B-complex(7) are
commonly available drugs and as far as the
prescription status is concerned, in 17 cases
paracetamol is taken without prescription.. Dis
tribution of drugs according to their proper
dose Out of 177 recorded datas, 15(9) drugs were
taken without proper dose out of which
cephalosporins(20) is a common drug taken
without proper dose..

• showing duration of therapy of drugs
• Out of 31 drugs we have recorded, vit B-complex
  is the drug given for the longest duration..
• Among all the drugs available at home ,42 drugs
  are taken as and when required(SOS).
• Among he drugs taken SOS, paracetaml(42) is the
  leading drug.. where as 66 paracetamol, 83
  domperidone, 77 cetrizine and 57
  chlorpheniramine are taken SOS.

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Showing regularity of drugs In 44 cases, drugs
are taken irregularly.. in which paracetamol,,
cetrizine, chlorpheniramine, codeine are common.
Distribution of prescribed drugs in their proper
dose
In 9 cases , drugs are not taken with proper
dose.. In 6 cases, drugs are taken without
prescription.. dose is not maintained proper in
8 of prescribed drugs and 20 of non-prescribed
drugs
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Distribution of prescribed drugs according to
their duration Within the cases of
non-prescribed drugs, in 80 cases, drugs are
taken as and when required (SOS).
Distribution of prescribed drugs according to
their regularity
Above table shows that 44 of drugs are not
taken regularly. The drugs not prescribed are not
taken regularly. Among prescribed drugs 41 drugs
are not taken regularly.
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• Other major points regarding drugs available at
  home
• Only in case of fever, drugs are taken without
  prescription.
• In 39 cases of fever 23 cases of infection,
  drugs are not taken in proper dose.
• If drugs are taken for longer duration,
  irregularity is more. In case of SOS, 55 drugs
  are taken irregularly
• In 53 cases of fever , 53 cases of infection
  63 cases of cold, drugs are taken as and when
  required..
• In 54 of fever cases, drugs are not given
  regularly. In 80 cases of cough, drugs are not
  given regularly. In 74 cases of cold, drugs are
  not given regularly. Fever is the commonest cause
  in which drugs are given irregularly.

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Vaccine status in different age group
Out of 100 children, vaccine status is incomplete
in 7 children. 12 of preschool children were
having incomplete vaccination status.
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Vaccine status according to Gender
Vaccine status is almost similar in both gender.
So gender bias in the vaccination was not
observed in the study sample.
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Summary and conclusion Out of 100 children we
have studied, 5 are infants,42 are preschool
age children and 53 are school age children.
Among them 65 are male and 35 are female.

• Drugs taken in the last month
• As far as the prescription status is concerned, 2
  out of 137 drugs were taken without prescription.
  9 drugs though prescribed were taken without
  proper dose, out of which cephalosporin-an
  antibiotic is a common drug taken without proper
  dose.
• Vitamin B complex is the commonest drug given for
  longer duration.
• Out of total about 25 drugs are taken as and
  when required (SOS) among these paracetamol is
  the commonest. 50 of paracetamol 43 of
  nimesulide and cetrizine are taken as SOS.
  Although not recommended nimesulide is found to
  be given to a large number of pediatric patients.
  
• Paracetamol, codeine, gentamycin are the drugs
  taken with more irregularity.
• All the drugs which are not prescribed are not
  taken regularly. Among prescribed drugs 26 drugs
  are not taken regularly.

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• Only in case of fever, drugs are taken without
  prescription
• Drugs are not taken in proper dose in 6 of fever
  case.
• If drugs are taken for longer duration,
  irregularity is more.

• Drugs available at home
• Paracetamol, cephalosporins and vit B-complex are
  commonly available drugs.
• In 17 cases paracetamol is taken without
  prescription.
• 15 Out of 177(9) drugs were taken without proper
  dose, out of which cephalosporins(20) is a
  common drug taken without proper dose..
• 42 drugs are taken as and when required.
  Paracetamol is the commonest drug taken SOS. 66
  paracetamol, 83 domperidone, 77 cetrizine and
  57 chlorpheniramine are taken SOS.
• In 44 cases, drugs are taken irregularly, in
  which paracetamol, cetrizine, chlorpheniramine,
  codeine are common.
• In 9 cases, drugs are not taken with proper
  dose. Dose is not maintained proper in 7 of
  prescribed drugs. And in 6 cases, drugs are
  taken without prescription.

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• 80 of non prescribed drugs are taken SOS
• The drugs which are not prescribed are not taken
  regularly. 44 of total 41 of prescribed drugs
  are not taken regularly.
• Fever infection are commonest conditions in
  which drugs are not taken in proper dose.
• If drugs are taken for longer duration,
  irregularity is more.
• Fever is the commonest cause in which drugs are
  given irregularly and without prescription.

• Points regarding vaccination
• Vaccine status is incomplete in 7 children.
• 12 of preschool children were having incomplete
  vaccination status.
• Vaccine status is almost similar in both gender.
  So gender bias in the vaccination was not
  observed in the study sample.
• In the lower socio-economical classes, incomplete
  vaccination is high.

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• Recommendations
• As, we could not analyse all the details of data
  collected, it is recommended that detailed
  analysis of such studies with higher sample size
  would help a lot to find out and highlight
  various problems encountered with Rational Drug
  Therapy.
• Although not recommended for paediatric age
  group, some of the drugs are still found during
  the survey. Appropriate authorities should
  consider steps for rational use of various drugs
  especially for paediatric age group.
• As non-recommended drugs are also found in
  prescriptions, Continuing Medical Education on
  Rational use of drug is advised, so that newer
  developments in the field of medicine is conveyed
  to all in the related field.
• Many drugs are found with irrational use (drug,
  dose, duration etc.) so, Rational use of drugs
  should be emphasized to all.

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Thank You...