CE 350 Introduction to Transportation Planning

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CE 350Introduction to Transportation Planning

• TPH Chapter 3
• Commodity Flows
• and
• Freight Transportation

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Have an Understanding

• To see how global commodity flow impacts
  transportation planning at the MPO level.

3
Lecture Points

• Statistics are now available for commodity
  movements
• Visualize commodity flows/freight transportation
  from Global National State MPOs
• How data sources are utilized by DOTs and MPOs

4
Changes Since 1992
You know this!

• ISTEA created the Bureau of Transportation
  Statistics (BTS)
• The Interstate Commerce Commission was eliminated
  (had been in place for 100 yrs.)
• Functions transferred to motor carrier financial
  data collection program of BTS

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Freight Within the Urban System

• Just-in-time delivery
• Growing air freight movements
• Supply chains that extend around the globe
• Cannot just count trucks in the traffic flow
• We need to understand freight movement
• About 1/2 of urban transportation costs are
  related to freight

We must under-stand this!
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Current Status of Statistical Programs
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Census Bureau Surveys

• Commodity Flow Survey (CFS)
• 1993 and 1997
• Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey (VIUS)
• 1997
• Truck trip table input for regional modeling
• BTS is developing a Truck Trip Estimation
  Procedure (TTEP)(uses data from the 1997 survey)

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1993 CFS Conducted by BTS

• Provides information on
• value
• weight
• mode
• distance shipped
• Shipped by
• Manufacturing
• mining
• Wholesale trade
• retail and services

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• Data source advantage of 93 CFS
• Covers local freight intercity shipments
• Identifies parcel post and courier as separate
  mode of transportation
• Includes freight movement between coastal ports
• First time freight movement by intermodal
  combination of carriers was estimated
• New data was collected
• Container shipments
• Hazardous materials
• Which commodities were exports

Two Big Ones
??????
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Management Systems AndFreight Advisory Councils

• ISTEA mandated 6 management systems
• Now are voluntary
• Intermodal Management Systems (IMS)
• Freight Advisory Councils were formed

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Commodity Flows Freight Transportation
Global
National and State
MPOs
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Think
BANANAS !!
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Banana Facts

• Bananas are Americas 1 fruit
• The average American consumes 28 pounds annually
• Over 96 of our households buy then at least once
  a month
• They are not grown commercially in the
  continental US but in Latin and South America
• Bananas are harvested every day of the year and
  are available to us year around

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Shipping Bananas

• The fruit is packed in 40-pound corrugated boxes
• They are loaded into special refrigerated
  truckload-sized containers and driven to a sea
  port
• Bananas are loaded on ships within 24 to 48 hours
  after being cut form the plant
• They are shipped at a carefully maintained
  temperature of 58º
• Before shipping to retail outlets, they are
  ripened in temperature and humidity controlled
  rooms.

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The United StatesandGlobal Freight
Transportation
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Factors Affecting International Freight Flows

• National and regional economies are dynamic
• Business production and distribution has changed
• Regional and global trade agreements
• Transportation infrastructure allows more choice
  in siting new facilities

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Waterborne Freight

• Between 1970 and 1995
• International waterborne freight nearly doubled
• Domestic waterborne freight 15
• Imports and exports increased through coastal
  ports, but
• Declined for Great Lakes ports

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Air Freight

• Imports and exports shipped by air has grown
• 1970 11 of all international trade value
• 1994 25
• Air is still a small potion of the weight shipped

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Surface Freight
N

• Canada and Mexico are largest trading partners
• Detroit, Buffalo and Port Huron are gateway ports
  with Canada
• Laredo is dominant gateway port with Mexico
• Our East-West highway and rail orientation links
  Pacific coast with Atlantic and Gulf coast

S
W
E
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Will Policy Change Freight Patterns?

• 1993 North American Free Trade Agreement
• With Canada and Mexico
• 1995 World Trade Organization (WTO)Here are two
  that have!!

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National and State Freight Transportation State
to State U.S. Commodity Flows
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Commodity Movement in the US

• Measured by the 1993 CFS
• Major categories of freight shipment
• Raw materials
• Farm and food products
• Manufactured, industrial and consumer products
• Household and business moving
• Municipal solid waste and other waste materials

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Intrastate and Interstate Freight Movement
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Truck Shipments Nationally
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Iowa Truck Shipments 1993Millions
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Iowa Truck Shipments 1993Millions - Ton Miles
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Shipments by Mode
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Freight Transportation at the Metropolitan Level
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Sources of Freight Data

• FHWA survey of MPOs
• NCHRP 8-30 surveyed DOTs and MPOs
• Conclusion
• Most state and MPO planners have little
  experience in freight forecasting
• Product developed
• A Freight Data Handbook for States and MPOs

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TMIP Freight Track Projects

• Respond to requirements of ISTEA
• Program links transportation to
• air quality
• energy
• economic growth
• land use
• overall quality of life

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Truck Trip Estimation Procedure (TTEP)

• It is a technique to extract data from the
  census Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey
• Allows calculation of averages for planning
  purposes
• TEA 21 provided funds to develop software usable
  by MPOs
• Provides for a common output from each region of
  the country

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Data Bases Studies for MPOs
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Census and BTS Data BasesPlus Other Data Sources

• BTS Directory of Transportation Data Sources,
  1996
• U.S. DOTs and BTS National Transportation
  Library
• Census and BTS Commodity Flow Survey 1993
• FRAs and BTS Tail Waybill Data 1988 - 1992
• BTS and ORNLs National Transportation Atlas
  Databases (NTAD), 1997
• Census, County Business Patterns
• Census and BTSs Vehicle Inventory and Use
  Survey

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• FHWA Motor Carrier Management Information System
• BTS State Freight Profiles
• Transportation facilities
• Commodity movements
• Exports to imports
• Rail shipments
• Waterborne commerce
• Transportation establishments
• Truck registration and vehicle miles traveled
• Motor carrier statistics
• Fatal truck crashes
• Rail accidents
• Hazardous materials incidents

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Applications of CFS inState and MPO Planning
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4 Projects That Use CFS Data in State and MPO
Planning

• Biddle, Saurusaitis, Matherly and Perincherry,
  1997
• Develop a model that is both spatially and
  temporally transferable that will translate
  nationally available yearly commodity flows into
  daily truck trips
• Black, 1997 and 1998
• Model estimates the production and attraction of
  19 commodity groups and two types of mail
• Looks primarily at the highway and rail sectors

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• Earlbam, 1998
• Provides overview of commodity flow in New York
  State
• Combines data from
• 1993 Commodity Flow Survey
• 1993 U.S. Waterway Data
• Trans-border Surface Freight Transportation Data
• Kirshnan and Hancock, 1998
• Methodology for calculating truck flows on
  highways
• Combines
• 1993 Commodity Flow Survey
• Highway Performance Monitoring System

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Lecture Points

• Statistics are now available for commodity
  movements
• Visualize commodity flows/freight transportation
  from Global National State MPOs
• How data sources are utilized by DOTs and MPOs

43
CE 350Introduction to Transportation Planning

• TPH Chapter 3
• Commodity Flows
• and
• Freight Transportation