The Republican Influence

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The Republican Influence

• Section 8.2

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Todays Agenda

• Presentations (Day 10)
• 8.2 Slide Show
• Homework
• Read 8.2 over the next few days
• Quiz Friday on Section 8.1, Sacco and Vanzetti
  8.2

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The Roaring Twenties
Stock Market Crashes
Cool Cal Elected
-Treaty of Versailles -Red Scare
Return of Laissez-Faire
1919 1920 1924 1928 1929
-Hoover Elected - Kellogg-Briand Pact
-Harding Elected -Normalcy
-Dawes Plan saves Germany
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Describe the personalities of the 20s Presidents.
Harding Good Looking Affable Gambler/Golfer Philan
derer Normalcy Laissez-Faire
Coolidge Shy Honest Thrifty Laconic Silent
Cal Laissez-Faire
Hoover Hardworking Self-made Honest Sensitive Won
der Boy Laissez-Faire
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What did Harding mean by a return to normalcy?

• Election of 1920
• a referendum on progressivism (1912)
• Public exhausted
• War
• Progressivism
• Red Scare (1919)
• Harding promised Normalcy
• things would go back to normal (Good Old Days)

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Who was the Ohio Gang?

• Hardings old corrupt friends from Ohio
• AKA The Poker Cabinet
• Head of Veterans Bureau sold hospital supplies
  for personal profit

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What was the Teapot Dome Scandal?

• Albert Fall (Secretary of Interior)
• Leased Government Oil Reserves (Teapot Dome,
  Wyoming) to friends for
• 1st public official to go to prison
• Everyone is assumed guilty until proved rich.

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What was Coolidges attitude toward business?

• Laissez-faire policies
• The business of America is business
• Mississippi River Flood
• The government is not an insurer of its citizens
  against the hazards of the elements.
• Appointed business people to regulatory
  commissions
• ICC, FTC
• Appointed Supreme Court justices who were against
  progressive legislation
• Struck down 12 laws (including child labor law)

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Who was Andrew Mellon?

• Secretary of Treasury
• 3rd wealthiest man in US
• Cut gov spending
• Trickle Down Economics
• Cut taxes on business and the rich
• Eventually poor will benefit
• Millionaire in 1926 paid less 33 less than 1921

Coolidge, Mellon, Hoover
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Why was Hoover known as the Wonder Boy?

• Mining engineer
• Managed US Food Administration during WWI
• Belgian Relief Committee
• Secretary of Commerce
• Coolidge coined Wonder Boy to sneer at his
  popularity

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How would you rate Hoover as a president (and as
Sec. of Commerce) before 1929?

• Supported creation of Bureau of Standards
• Expanded government control of airlines, radio
  stations
• Organized Trade Associations (to limit
  destructive competition)
• Pushed for 8 hr. workday, child nutrition,
  conservation, pollution control
• Believed in volunteerism free enterprise

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What was the Dawes Plan?

• Allies owe US 10 billion
• Germany owed Allies 33 Billion
• Germany defaulted in late 1922-1923
• Charles G. Dawes
• Wealthy banker
• US loaned Germany 2.5 billion so they could pay
  Allies so Allies could pay US
• Averts war

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What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)?

• International agreement that declared war illegal
• Signed by 14 nations
• Ridiculed as a parchment peace
• Washington Conference (Nov 1921)
• US, England, Japan, France, Italy agreed to limit
  navy

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Conclusion

• What is normalcy?
• Was Harding a good president?
• Coolidge?
• Hoover?
• Where is our government on the political spectrum?