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Earth and Environment

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Title: Earth and Environment


1
Unit 4
  • Earth and Environment

2
  • Part I Warming Up
  • Training focus Select information What, who,
    how in news items.
  • News Item 1
  • Pre-listening questions
  • The Mount Everest A mountain of the central
    Himalaya Mountains on the border of Xizang
    (Tibet) and Nepal. The highest elevation in the
    world.
  • Does any one know how high the Mount Everest is?
  • 8844 meters high.

3
  • The National Geographic Society was founded in
    the USA on 1888, by 33 men interested in
    "organizing a society for the increase and
    diffusion of geographical knowledge."
  • Its purpose is to advance the general knowledge
    of geography and the world among the general
    public. To this end, it sponsors exploration, and
    publishes a monthly magazine, National
    Geographic.

4
  • What is the precise height of Mount Everest
    according to National Geographic Societys latest
    measuring?
  • 29, 035 feet, seven feet taller than was thought
    when it was last measured in the 1950.

5
  • Item 2
  • climatologist a scientist who deals with climate
    and their phenomena
  • ????
  • tropical????????
  • subtropical????
  • temperate???
  • crop yield ?????

6
  • What is the likely impact of climate change
    according to the new research?
  • Damage to crops in low-lying coastal regions
    could be worse than previously thought.

7
  • Item 3.
  • desertification the process of becoming desert
    (as from land mismanagement or climate change)
  • ???
  • What is the title of the conference in northern
    Brazil?
  • The 3rd United Nations conference on
    Desertification

8
  • Item 4.
  • deformity when a part of the body has not
    developed in the normal way or with the normal
    shape
  • ??(???)???C
  • a deformity of the hand ????

9
  • salamander??
  • alligator
  • (????????)???

10
  • amphibian an animal, such as a frog, which lives
    both on land and in water but must lay its eggs
    in water????
  • reptile speciesan animal that crawls or moves on
    its belly (as a snake) or on small short legs (as
    a lizard)
  • ???????

11
  • World Conservation Union
  • international organization founded in 1948 to
    encourage the preservation of wildlife, natural
    environments, and living resources.

12
  • What does a new study say about reptiles?
  • Reptile species are in greater trouble than
    amphibian species.

13
  • eradicate to get rid of completely or destroy
    something bad
  • herbicide a chemical which is used to destroy
    plants, especially weeds
  • ???
  • coke (slang) cocaine
  • poppy???????

14
  • What did the governors from Columbia call for?
  • A new approach in the fight against the illegal
    drugs trade.

15
  • Item 6
  • oil spill????
  • Oil spill is an environmental disaster which
    kills fish and birds as well as pollutes the sea.
  • ????????,?????,????????
  • What are crews doing off the coast of Mexico,
    about 50 miles south of San Diego?
  • They are working to clean up a huge oil spill.

16
  • Item 7
  • extinction
  • the process of becoming extinct
  • extinction of a species
  • What is the serious threat for plants?
  • 1 in every 8 species of plant is threatened with
    extinction.

17
  • Item 8
  • The Florida Everglades is
  • a subtropical marshland
  • located in the southern portion of the U.S state
    of Florida.

An Anhinga perched on the boardwalk railing
18
  • blaze
  • ????????
  • Several houses had been burnt to the ground when
    the blaze was put out.
  • ?????,???????????
  • sawgrass Sedge
  • ??

19
  • How serious were the wildfires in Florida?
  • They lasted for nearly a week and 65,000 hectares
    in the southern part of the state were consumed.

20
  • Item 9.
  • xeriscaping a word coined by combining xeros
    (Greek for "dry") with landscaping, is a
    water-conservative approach to landscaping.
  • Plants whose cultural requirements are
    appropriate to the local climate are emphasized,
  • and care is taken to avoid wasting water to
    evaporation and run-off. Xeriscape is a trademark
    created by the Denver Water Board
  • Boulder County is a county located in the U.S. of
    Colorado

21
  • What is now available?
  • A new local directory for the environmentally-awar
    e, called the Boulder County Green Pages

22
  • Item 10.
  • Greenland
  • An island of Denmark in the northern Atlantic
    Ocean off northeast Canada.
  • It is the largest island in the world and lies
    mostly within the Arctic Circle.
  • Inhabited by Inuit peoples as early as 3000 B.C.,
    it was discovered by the Norwegian navigator Eric
    the Red in the tenth century A.D., became a
    Danish colony in 1815, and was granted home rule
    in 1979.

23
  • What does a U.S Space Agency study recently find?
  • Greenland is melting around the edges, more than
    50 cubic kilometers per per.

24
  • El Nino A warming of the ocean surface off the
    western coast of South America that occurs every
    4 to 12 years when upwelling of cold,
    nutrient-rich water does not occur. It causes
    die-offs of plankton and fish and affects Pacific
    jet stream winds, altering storm tracks and
    creating unusual weather patterns in various
    parts of the world.

25
  • Part II News Report
  • Training focus
  • News summary
  • Report A.
  • catastrophe a sudden event that causes very
    great trouble or destruction
  • catastrophic
  • ??????

26
  • Geneva???
  • World Meteorological Organization
  • specialized agency of the United Nations
    established in 1951 with headquarters at Geneva.
  • WMO aims at promoting international cooperation
    between the world's meteorological stations,
  • standardizing meteorological observations,
  • encouraging research and training,
  • and extending the use of meteorological findings
    to different fields.

27
  • WMO operates through the World Meteorological
    Congress (which meets at least every four years)
    with delegates from its entire membership, an
    executive committee, a technical commission, a
    secretariat, and six regional meteorological
    associations in Africa, Asia, South America,
    North and Central America, SW Pacific, and
    Europe. It has 185 members.

28
  • scarcity when something is not easy to find or
    obtain lack
  • the scarcity of water water shortage
  • commodity a substance or product that can be
    traded, bought or sold
  • the international commodities market
  • obligation a condition or influence that makes
    it necessary for someone to do something duty
  • sanitary clean and not dangerous for the health
  • portable light and small enough to be easily
    carried or moveda portable radio/telephone/compu
    ter

29
  • Listen to the report and complete the news
    summary.
  • This news report is about ________________________
    ___________. It will lead to catastrophic
    consequences unless ______________________________
    __.

The severe shortage of water in some developing
nations
global solutions are found soon
30
  • Listen again and answer the questions
  • 1. How many experts will attend the conference in
    Geneva?
  • 150.
  • 2. When will the conference begin?
  • Monday.
  • 3. What would the situation be like in the year
    2025 according to Arthur Askew?
  • 1 billion people could suffer from a scarcity of
    water.

31
  • 4. In which areas could water shortage problems
    most probably develop?
  • Middle East, parts of Africa, western Asia,
    northeastern China, western and southern India,
    large parts or Pakistan and Mexico, parts of the
    Pacific coast of the Unite States and South
    America.
  • 5. What is the moral obligation put forward by
    Arthur Askew?
  • To treat water as a precious resource.

32
  • 6. How much water does a person need a day to
    survive?
  • 5 liters.
  • 7. How much water does a person need a day to
    live comfortably?
  • 50 liters.
  • 8. How much water are people in many countries
    now using each day?
  • 500 liters.

33
Report B
  • vibrancy
  • ??,??
  • I like the vibrancy of her character.
  • ??????????

coral reef ???
  • glacier??

34
  • Daimler-Chrysler is a prominent automobile and
    truck manufacturer, formed in 1998 by the buyout
    of the Chrysler Corporation (USA) by Daimler Benz
    (Germany).
  • Shell Oil Shell Oil Company is one of America's
    leading oil and natural gas producers, natural
    gas marketers, gasoline marketers and
    petrochemical manufacturers, and the leading oil
    and gas producer in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico.

35
  • Listen to the second news report. Supply the
    missing words while listening.
  • Washington
  • the information economy
  • deteriorating health of the planet
  • information economy
  • education and entertainment
  • physical exam
  • vital signs

36
  • species
  • climate
  • temperatures
  • water tables
  • glaciers
  • forests
  • fisheries
  • to stabilize both climate and world population
    growth

37
Report C The Impact of Golf Course on the
Environment
38
  • be at odds to disagree
  • They're at odds over the funding of the project.
  • Her version of events was at odds with the police
    report.
  • ( very different from)
  • reconcile
  • to find a way in which two situations or beliefs
    that are opposed to each other can agree and
    exist together
  • It is sometimes difficult to reconcile science
    and religion.

39
  • grooming??
  • fairways ?? (???????)????
  • habitat (???)???(???)??
  • I prefer to see animals in their natural habitat,
    rather than in zoos.
  • ?????????????????????????
  • killdeer ?????(??????)
  • redtail hawks ???

40
  • great horned owl
  • a large North American owl

41
  • blue heron

Any of several varieties of heron with blue or
blue-gray plumage??
42
  • Bear Creek Lake
  • Bear Creek Dam, the last of three dams built to
    protect the Denver region from floods
  • This project is known for its diverse bird and
    waterfowl population and its striking scenic
    views.
  • Wildlife is abundant and because Bear Creek is
    located at the base of the Rocky Mountain
    foothills, the scenery is striking.

43
  • Listen to the news report and complete the news
    summary
  • This news report is about ________________________
    __________________________________________________
    _______________________________

A golf course named Fox Hollow, which has won an
award for its relatively low impact on
environment and sustained wildlife.
44
Part III City Recycling
  • Training focus
  • landfill a place where rubbish is buried
  • ?????????
  • recyclable able to be recycled
  • eligible having the necessary qualities or
    fulfilling the necessary conditions??????
  • You might be eligible for a grant.
  • curbside the area near where a road and the
    raised path next to it join

45
  • bustle
  • to do things in a hurried and busy way????
  • I sat watching housewives bustle in and out of
    the supermarket.
  • ????????????????????
  • mound a large pile of something
  • a mound of potatoes/papers
  • commingle mix
  • assort classify
  • ?...???...??

46
  • forklike
  • ?????
  • garbage rubbish
  • spiral ??????
  • convey belt ???
  • sorter???
  • bale ??,??
  • beverage drink
  • fuzz ????

47
  • North Caroline????????
  • A state of the southeast United States bordering
    on the Atlantic Ocean.
  • a center of tobacco growing and processing.
  • Raleigh is the capital and Charlotte the largest
    city.
  • Population 8,540,000.

??????
48
  • Listen to the report and number the following
    major points according to the order you hear
    them.
  • ( )a. The work at the FCR processing center
  • ( )b. The success of Charlottes recycling
    program.
  • ( )c. What happens to the recyclables from FCR
  • ( )d. Catherine Smiths recyclable garbage

2
4
3
1
49
  • Listen again and pay special attention to the
    process of the sorting of the recyclable
    material.
  • Put the listed steps in correct order
  • ( ) a. People sort through the garbage
  • ( ) b. The garbage is piled in a mound of
    assorted trash.
  • ( ) c. Bottles and cans come to the sorting
    station.
  • ( ) d. Bottles and cans are put on the
    conveyor belt.
  • ( ) e. Twelve workers hand-sort the bottles
    and cans.
  • ( ) f. Forklifts move the garbage.
  • ( ) g. Bottles and cans are dropped down a
    chute into a container.

3
1
5
4
6
2
7
50
  • Answer the questions
  • 1. How many households are eligible to
    participate in the recycling program?
  • 2. What are some of the items that Catherine
    Smith put into her red recycling bin?
  • 3. What happens after Catherine puts out her bin?

130,000
80
Plastic glass tin cans newspapers
Recycle truck picks it up.
51
  • 4. Where does the recyclable material go after it
    is picked up?
  • 5. How often is the used material dropped off at
    the center operated by FCR?
  • 6. What does Paula Hoffman do at the recycling
    center?
  • 7. How much material is received each day and put
    into the commingle area?
  • One of communitys recycling centers.

Each weekday.
  • Conducts tours of the plant.
  • 100 tons 200,000 pounds

52
  • 8. Of all the material brought to the center, how
    much is newsprint?
  • 9. What happens to the sorted and processed
    recyclables at FCR?

¾ compacted into bales
  • 11 to 12 hundred pounds each.

Sold to other companies that make them into
different products.
53
  • 10. What always happens to the used food and
    beverage containers?
  • 11. How successful is Charlottes recycling
    program?
  • Made into new containers.

One of the top five in the U.S.A.
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