Part 6 Formation of Groups

1
Part 6 Formation of Groups

• The Challenge of Cooperation

2
Part Outline

• Chapter 19 Sex and Marriage
• Chapter 20 Family and Household
• Chapter 21 Kinship and Descent
• Chapter 22 Grouping by Gender, Age, Common
  Interest, and Class

3
Chapter 19

• Sex and Marriage

4
Chapter Outline

• What is marriage?
• What is the difference between marriage and
  mating?
• Why is marriage universal?

5
Sexual Relations

• Among primates, the human female is unusual in
  her ability to engage in sexual activity whether
  she is fertile or not.
• Every society has rules that govern sexual access.

6
Forms of Marriage

• Monogamy
• Polygyny
• Polyandry
• Group marriage

7
Marriage Rules

• Endogamy is marriage within a group of
  individuals.
• Exogamy is marriage outside the group.

8
Marriage

• Marriage is backed by social, legal, and economic
  forces.
• Monogamy is the most common form of marriage,
  primarily for economic reasons.
• In most of the world, marriage is not based on
  romantic love, but on economic considerations.

9
Serial Monogamy

• A form of marriage in which a man or woman
  marries a series of partners.
• Increasingly common among middle-class North
  Americans as individuals divorce and remarry.

10
Marriage Exchanges

• Bride-price - payment of money from the grooms
  to the brides kin.
• Bride service - the groom is expected to work
  for a period for the brides family.
• Dowry - payment of a womans inheritance at the
  time of marriage to her or her husband.

11
Divorce

• Factors contributing to divorce
• Many marriages are based on ideals of romantic
  love or the idealization of youth.
• Establishing an intimate bond in a society in
  which people are taught to seek individual
  gratification is difficult.