Engineering 101 Humanities 200 Technology and Society Unit 1: Space and Time

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Engineering 101Humanities 200Technology and
SocietyUnit 1 Space and Time

• Joe Mahoney, Steve Muench, Scott Rutherford
• Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
• Fall 2005

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Topics for Space and Time (which translates to
transportation)

• October 10-11 Introduction to Major
  Transportation Systems-I (Joe Mahoney)
• October 12 Introduction to Major Transportation
  Systems-II (Joe Mahoney)
• October 17 How Transportation Vehicles Have
  Affected Society (Steve Muench)
• October 18 Public Policy Importance of
  Transportation Decisions (Scott Rutherford)

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Topics

• Description of mini-projects
• What is a Civil Engineer?
• General Transportation Statistics
• Transportation Infrastructure
• Local Transportation Modes
• Highways and Bridges
• Bridges
• Highways/Pavements (October 11)
• Airports (October 11)
• Transportation Vehicles (October 11)
• Epilog Energy for Transportation (October 11)

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Highways and Bridges(continued from yesterday)
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Highways/pavements
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First Ave, Seattle, 1878(looking north from
Yesler Way)
From this view of 1st Avenue to..
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Pavementsthey are everywhere you look.
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1915Pacific Highway
Today
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HMA cores from various state highways
inches
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Bituminous Surface Treatment Flexible Pavement
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Asphalt Concrete (HMA) OverlayUS 2
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Placing HMA on I-90 near Spokane
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Infrared imaging of HMA during the delivery and
placing process
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End Dump/No MTV
Infrared imaging of HMA during the delivery and
placing process
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PCC paving15th Ave NE
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Jointed Doweled PCC Paving Dowel Bars in Cages
Ready for Placement of PCC US 395
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Construction of a Doweled Construction JointUS
395 near Ritzville, WA
PCC Construction US 395
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Illustration of Contraction Joint Crack and
Aggregate Interlock
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1992 Dowel Bar RetrofitI-90 near Cle Elum, WA
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Airports
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UW Shell HouseOriginally built as a hangar for
the Aviation Training Corps in 1918
1949
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Early Airports

• First airport
• Established by the Wright brothers in 1904
• Near Dayton, Ohio
• 90 acre pasture
• Now the location of Wright-Patterson AFB.
• 1920s
• Airports were relatively small in sizetypically
  40 to 500 acres
• Turf covered landing areas

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Early US airports
City Airport Area (acres) Airport Area (acres) Ownership Ownership
City Late 1920s Current Late 1920s Current
Atlanta 300 3,800 City of Atlanta City of Atlanta
Boston 40 2,384 City of Boston and State of Massachusetts Massport
Chicago 320 7,000 City of Chicago City of Chicago
Fort Worth 175 17,574 City of Fort Worth Cities of Dallas-Fort Worth
Los Angeles 80 3,500 City of Los Angeles City of Los Angeles
Philadelphia 125 2,200 City of Philadelphia City of Philadelphia
Phoenix 160 2,200 City of Phoenix City of Phoenix
Pittsburgh 40 12,500 City and County Allegheny County
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New Airport SizeUS
Airport First Year of Operation Size (acres) Distance from CBD to Airport (miles)
Houston Intercontinental Airport (IAH) 1968 8,800 22
Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) 1974 17,574 17
Denver International Airport (DEN) 1994 34,000 18
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Rank by Population City Land Area (acres)
1 Seattle 53,620
2 Spokane 36,669
3 Tacoma 30,572
4 Bellevue 17,229
5 Everett 19,642
6 Federal Way 12,736
7 Yakima 10,318
8 Bellingham 15,408
9 Vancouver 11,144
10 Renton 10,633
11 Kennewick 12,340
12 Kirkland 6,669
13 Kent 12,638
14 Redmond 9,869
15 Bremerton 13,617
16 Olympia 11,601
17 Auburn 13,056
18 Richland 20,862
19 Longview 8,083
20 Edmonds 4,794
Acreage Covered by Washingtons 20 Most Populous
Cities
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Changes in Airport Characteristics and Operations
Over a 60 Year Period
Characteristic Time Period Time Period Time Period
Characteristic Late 1920s Early 2000s Early 2000s
Characteristic Late 1920s U.S. Airports Non-U.S. Airports
Airport Size 200 acres 4,700 acres 3,400 acres
Runway Length 1,500 feet 10,000 feet 10,000 feet
Airport Location Close to cities-several miles from CBD 10 miles from CBD 12 miles from CBD
Annual Passengers Up to 40,000 Up to 79 million Up to 63 million
Annual Aircraft Operations Up to 10,000-20,000 Up to About 1,000,000 About 500,000
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Runway Lengths

• JF Kennedy International Airport, New York
• 14,600 ft. (longest US airport runway)
• Kennedy Space Center, Florida
• 15,000 ft.
• Edwards AFB, California
• 24,000 ft.
• White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico
• 35,000 ft.

Source Seattle Times, August 9,2005
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John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York
JFK
Photo source Google Earth
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JFK Airport New York
Photo source Google Earth
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Edwards AFB, California
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Edwards AFB California
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Kennedy Space Center, Florida
Photo source Google Earth
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Kennedy Space Center, Florida
Photo source Google Earth
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Kennedy Space Center, Florida
Photo source Google Earth
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Sea-Tac South Concourse 1949
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Sea-Tac Center Terminal Expansion
Source Seattle Times, August 7, 2005
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Recent Expansion Costs at Sea-Tac
Source Seattle Times, August 7, 2005
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Total Annual Passenger DemandUS
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Transportation Vehicles
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Aircraft
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Charles Lindbergh and the Spirit of St. Louis,
Sand Point, September 13, 1927
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United Airline DC-3 at Boeing Field 1940
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Boeing 377 at Sea-Tac, circa 1949
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Boeing 314 LaGuardia Airport
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LaGuardia Airport
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Boeing 377 at JF Kennedy International Airport
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JF Kennedy International Airport
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Boeing 777 at Sea-Tac
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B777 with Dual Tridum Gear
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Boeing 747-400

• A 747-400 has six million parts, half of which
  are fasteners.
• A 747-400 consists of 147,000 pounds (66,150 kg)
  of high-strength aluminum.
• The 747-400 has 16 main landing gear tires and
  two nose landing gear tires.

Source Boeing Company
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Boeing Commercial AircraftModel 40 to 747-400
(1927-2004)
Factor Increase
Passengers x210
Weight x155
Range X13
Speed X4
Boeing Model 747-400
Boeing Model 40A
420 passengers
2 passengers
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Trucks and Buses
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Kenworthspast to present
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Manufacturer truck classes
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WSDOT length vehicle restrictions
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WSDOT length vehicle restrictions
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WSDOT length vehicle restrictions
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Truck and bus weights

• Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) based on three
  criteria
• Tire size
• Axle weight
• Axle spacing

Maximum GVW and axle weights Maximums
Single axle 20,000 lb
Tandem axle 34,000 lb
Steer axle 600 lb per inch width of tire
GVW 105,500 lb
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A bit of Washington traffic
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Seattle Traffic Flow MapAugust 16, 2005
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(No Transcript)
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US 99 Seattle
ADT 71,000
All traffic data from 2004 WSDOT estimates.
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I-5 Seattle
ADT 242,000 Trucks 5
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State Route 172 near Withrow
ADT 160
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I-5 Seattle Ship Canal Bridge
ADT 185,000 Trucks 5
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State Route 520 Seattle
ADT 102,000 Trucks 3
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I-90 Seattle
ADT 150,000 Trucks 6
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I-405near Bellevue
ADT 191,000 Trucks 7
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I-90SnoqualmiePass
ADT 27,000 Trucks 18
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I-90 Spokane
ADT 104,000 Trucks 22
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I-90 Idaho Stateline
ADT 42,000 Trucks 10
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Epilog Energy and Transportation
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Epilogue Energy and Transportation
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Primary Energy Consumption per Capita
Tonnes per capita
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Crude Oil Consumption (barrels per day)
Country or Location Consumption of Crude Consumption of Crude Change 1994-2004 of World Total
Country or Location 1994 2004 Change 1994-2004 of World Total
Worldwide 68,219,000 80,757,000 18 100
US 17,719,000 20,517,000 16 25
China 3,145,000 6,684,000 113 8
Source data from BP Statistical Review of World
EnergyJune 2005
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Crude Oil Reserves (barrels)
Country or Location Crude Oil Reserves as of 2003 (barrels) Reserves to Production Ratios (years)
Worldwide 1,188,600,000,000 40.5
US 29,400,000,000 11.1
China 17,100,000,000 13.4
Source data from BP Statistical Review of World
EnergyJune 2005
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Crude oil prices since 1861
BP Statistical Review of World EnergyJune 2005
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Road Use Growth
From the Bureau of Transportation Statistics,
National Transportation Statistics 2003
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The increasing cost of paving
Source WSDOT, http//www.wsdot.wa.gov/biz/constru
ction/CostIndex/HotMix.PDF
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Class poll Who deserves the most blame for
higher energy prices?
Oil companies
Foreign countries
Politicians
Environmentalists
People who drive gas guzzlers
Other, all of them or dont know
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Who deserves the most blame for higher energy
prices?
Of course how people respond is, in part, a
function of the question!
Oil companies 30
Foreign countries 22
Politicians 21
Environmentalists 9
People who drive gas guzzlers 7
Other, all of them or dont know 11
Source AP poll of 1,000 US adults August 9-11,
2005 (from Seattle Times)
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Ships and Shipping
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The schooner Wawona of Robinson Fisheries at
Anacortes, WASeptember 1915
University of Washington Libraries. Special
Collections Division
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Ship under construction at Pacific American
Fisheries Yard, Bellingham, WASeptember 1916
University of Washington Libraries. Special
Collections Division
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Ships under construction at Pacific American
Fisheries Yard, Bellingham, WASeptember 1916
University of Washington Libraries. Special
Collections Division
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Montlake Ditch, 1901(looking east toward Capitol
Hill)