The purpose of soil management is to nourish soil organisms so they can build soil structure and cyc - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The purpose of soil management is to nourish soil organisms so they can build soil structure and cyc

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Most important because beneficial soil organisms need oxygen to live. ... Two ways: Conserve existing organic matter. Adding organic matter to soil ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The purpose of soil management is to nourish soil organisms so they can build soil structure and cyc


1
Organic Soil Management
  • The purpose of soil management is to nourish soil
    organisms so they can build soil structure and
    cycle nutrients.

2
Soil Components
3
Mineral component
  • Sand largest O 20-40x
  • Silt medium o 25x
  • Clay smallest . 1
  • Pore space varies with size of particles

4
Soil textures
5
Characteristics of the Various Soil Classes
6
pH
  • pH is the measure of the concentration of
    hydrogen ions.
  • It is measure on a logarithmic scale going from
    1-14 with 1 being the most acidic (most hydrogen
    ions) and 14 the most basic (least hydrogen
    ions).
  • pH of soil is important because certain chemical
    reactions only occur in certain range.
  • Not as important for organic systems, because
    they depend on biological reactions, not chemical
    reactions.

7
Soil Ecosystem
  • Biological model of soil management as opposed to
    the chemical model is the major key to good soil
    management.
  • More individual life forms in soil than live on
    the surface of the earth.
  • 4 billion bacteria, 1 million fungi per teaspoon
    of soil
  • Perform many functions to support plant life

8
Biodiversity
  • Soil fertility is related to having a large
    number of different types of life forms.
  • Different crops depend on different ecosystems.
  • Annual field crops bacteria dominated
  • Woody perennials fungi dominated

9
Producers-herbivores-predators-higher
predators-decomposers
10
How the soil food web benefits plant life
  • Builds soil structure
  • Disease suppression
  • Improves nitrogen retention
  • Mineralizes nutrients
  • Produces plant growth hormones
  • Improves crop quality

11
Factors to be managed
  • Soil air Greatest
  • Soil water
  • Soil organic matter
  • Soil minerals Least
  • Plant response

12
Soil air management
  • Most important because beneficial soil organisms
    need oxygen to live.
  • Anaerobic organisms produce plant toxins and bad
    smells.
  • Plants also need oxygen in the soil for nutrient
    uptake and for growth of the roots.

13
Soil air management
  • Most important because beneficial soil organisms
    need oxygen to live.
  • Anaerobic organisms produce plant toxins and bad
    smells.
  • Plants also need oxygen in the soil for nutrient
    uptake and for growth of the roots.

14
Soil Water Management
  • All living organisms need water to survive.
  • Too much or too little water can kill.

15
Managing soil water
  • Primary technique is tillage to create pore
    space
  • Optimum soil water content is 20-30 but it will
    fluctuate with rain and/or irrigation
  • Monitor soil moisture with moisture meter or
    visual examination
  • Different areas will have different moisture
    levels

16
Soil organic matter
  • Made up of living and dead residues in different
    stages of decomposition (living, dead and long
    dead)
  • Food source for the decomposers who feed on dead
    organisms and waste products

17
Conserving soil organic matter
  • Avoid excess tillage
  • Retain crop residue
  • Cover crops

18
Managing soil organic matter
  • Two ways
  • Conserve existing organic matter
  • Adding organic matter to soil

19
Adding organic matter to soil
  • Raw manure
  • Organic standards considerations
  • 120 days for root crops
  • 90 days for other crops
  • Compost
  • Requires a large amount
  • Must have source of materials to compost
  • Must be gathered

20
Soil mineral management
  • Least effect on crop production
  • Good management leads to better plant health,
    higher nutritional quality, increased flavor and
    shelf life
  • Especially important in SE US because soils have
    been depleted long warm season with abundant
    rain higher rates of reactions in the soil,
    rapidly leached out of soil

N P K S Ca Mg Fe Cu
21
Managing soil minerals
  • Primary technique is a soil test
  • Analysis of test

How to Convert an Inorganic Fertility
Recommendation to an Organic One
22
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23
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