Evaluating Habitat Restoration for Pacific Salmon: Results of Case Studies and Guidance for Monitori

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Evaluating Habitat Restoration for Pacific
Salmon Results of Case Studies and Guidance for
Monitoring Design
Is this type of restoration effective

• Martin Liermann
• Phil Roni
• Watershed Program
• Northwest Fisheries Science Center
• NOAA Fisheries

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Restoration Studies

• LWD in small streams
• Western Washington and Oregon (Roni and Quinn)
• Boulder weirs
• the SW Oregon (Roni et al.)
• Constructed side channels
• Western Washington (Morley and Roni)
• Dam removal
• Elwha River (Lower Elwha Tribe, Park Service,
  USGS,...)
• Watershed scale restoration
• East and West Twin, and Deep Creeks (Lower Elwha)

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Restoration Studies

• LWD in small streams
• Western Washington and Oregon (Roni and Quinn)
• Boulder weirs
• the SW Oregon (Roni et al.)
• Constructed side channels
• Western Washington (Morley and Roni)
• Dam removal
• Elwha River (Lower Elwha Tribe, Park Service,
  USGS,...)
• Watershed scale restoration
• East and West Twin, and Deep Creeks (Lower Elwha)

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Types of Monitoring

• Status and trend
• Annual measures of abundance, condition, etc.
• Implementation
• Was project implemented as planned
• Effectiveness and validation
• Did projects have desired physical/biological
  effect
• Experiments/hypothesis driven

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Types of Monitoring

• Status and trend
• Annual measures of abundance, condition, etc.
• Implementation
• Was project implemented as planned
• Effectiveness and validation
• Did projects have desired physical/biological
  effect
• Experiments/hypothesis driven

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Effectiveness Monitoring Guidance
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LWD placement placement Western Washington and
Oregon
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From Roni and Quinn 2001
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Coho vs Pool Area Response
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Trout fry vs Pool Area Response
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Boulder weir placement SW Oregon
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Results

• Species treatment / control
• Coho (juvenile) 1.4
• Trout lt100mm 0.9
• Trout gt100mm 1.5
• Dace 0.6
• 
  p lt 0.1 p lt 0.05
• From Roni et al. In Review

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Evaluation of Juvenile Use of Groundwater
Channels Skagit, Quillayute, and Hoh River Basins
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Constructed vs Naturalside channels
Winter snorkel results
From Morley et al. 2005
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Lessons from reach scale restoration studies

• Study design
• Power analyses
• Controls and References
• Fish movement

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Lessons from reach scale restoration studies

• Study design
• Power analyses
• Controls and References
• Fish movement

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Type of design will determine interpretation and
concerns

• Extensive post treatment
• Can take advantage of existing projects
• Can investigate relationships between different
  variables across sites.
• Only post treatment data.
• Selection of unbiased controls critical.
• No estimate of inter-annual variability
• Before After Control Impact
• Can account for and estimate inter-annual
  variability
• Not statistically generalizable to other sites.

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Lessons from reach scale restoration studies

• Study design
• Power analyses
• Controls and References
• Fish movement

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More than one parameter
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Paired vs. unpaired sites
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Lessons from reach scale restoration studies

• Study design
• Power analyses
• Controls and References
• Fish movement

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Pairing of Treatment and Control

• Geology / substrate
• Stream size / discharge / hydrologic regime
• Riparian vegetation
• Altitude / aspect / stream order
• Channel type / morphology
• Ecoregion / Biota
• from Downes et al. 2003

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Lessons from reach scale restoration studies

• Study design
• Power analyses
• Controls and References
• Fish movement

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Assessing the effectiveness of watershed scale
restoration How many watersheds would it take?
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A study of watershed scale restoration
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Within site variability(temporal)
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Between site variability( in restoration
response)
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Within site variability(temporal)
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From Bradford 1999 (solid dots streams in same
watershed)
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Between site variability( in restoration
response)
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variability in restoration response
Solazzi et al. 2000
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Physical covariates
From Bradford et al. 1997
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Results(within site)
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cost

• About 1.5 million for a watershed scale
  restoration project.
• About 10 thousand to build a weir.
• About 15 thousand per year to operate the weir.
• Per year 15K 2 sites 30K. So cost of
  restoration about 50 years of monitoring.
• Rough estimates from Mike McHenry.

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Conclusions