Shaikh A' Halim

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Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)
Shaikh A. Halim halim_at_verc.org
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Organisational Profile
Name of organisation Village Education
Resource Center (VERC)
Year of Emergence 1977
Vision A
self-reliant society based on justice equity and
sustainability where every human being has equal
opportunity to maximize their potentialities.
Main Interventions Women's Literacy and
Children's Education,
Institution Building and Income Generation,
Water, Sanitation
and Hygiene Promotion,
Maternal and Child Healthcare,
Environmental
Protection and Disaster Preparedness,

Integrating Disability Issues in Community
Development,
Livelihood Technology Development,
Training and Communication,
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WatSan Vision
Sustainable development of quality of life and
health of poor people in Bangladesh

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Water and sanitation situation

• Water
• Access to safe drinking water 71
• Sanitation
• GoB 81
• UNIECF-WHO-BBS 39
• WSP-World Bank 41

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100 Sanitation as viewed by Community People

• 100 use of hygienic latrines i.e. no open
  defecation
• Effective hand washing after defecation
• Effective hand washing before taking or handling
  food
• Food and water covered
• Good personal hygienic practices
• Latrines well managed
• Using sandals when defecating
• Clean courtyards and roadsides
• Garbage (including household) and dung disposal
  in a hygienic way
• Safe water use for all domestic purposes
• Water points well managed
• Waste water disposal in hygienic way
• No spitting in public places

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Key Principles

• Targeting total coverage for (100) Sanitation
• Social development not service delivery
• Utilization of Social Capital
• Sanitation should not be a charity
• Menu of Technology options based on
  affordability
• Engagement of LGIs to steer the process for long
  term sustainability
• Hygiene education span for at least 23 years
• Recognition and promotion of indigenous
  knowledge, values and tradition
• Bottom-up process replaces the top down planning
  process
• Empowering community people
• NGOs should act as facilitator not as
  implementer
• Exploring local skills and technologies and
  promote
• Encouraging exposure visit and sharing between
  peer group

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Diagrammatic Presentation of the Process
Triggering or Ignition
Entry into a Community Collection of baseline
data Identification of key individuals
Health and Hygiene Education Sessions Promotion
of good hygiene habits
Mobilization of a Community Generation of
interest in improving the WATSAN situation
Formation of WATSAN Action Committee A community
group that takes the lead on improving the WATSAN
situation
Monitoring group formation Community volunteers
who take responsibility for monitoring the
hygiene practices
Production of an Action Plan A community plan to
improve the WATSAN situation
Construction and Installation of
Hardware Latrines and water point to improve
WATSAN situation in place
Implementation of Action Plan Community action to
improve WATSAN situation
Monitoring Behavioural Changes The community
monitors hygienic practices
100 Sanitized Community
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Detail of Steps and Stages of the Process

• Transect and Rapport building
• Identification of Key informants
• Date and time fixation for meeting in the
  community

Entry into a Community

• Social Mapping
• Seasonality trend analysis
• Well being ranking
• Venn diagram
• Situation analysis and presentation

Mobilization of a Community
Triggering or Ignition

• Defecation site visit
• Calculation of feces
• Flow Diagram of feces
• Menu of technology options for hygienic latrine
• Total coverage taken as priority
• Procession, rally, campaign

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Institutions in the process
Essential Institution
Level of Society
Non Essential Institutions
Union Sanitation Task Force
Union
Indicates flow of feedback on activities
Indicates influence over activities
Cultural Group
Ward Sanitation Task Force
Public place Management Committee
Ward
Village or Joint Community
Rural Sanitation Engineering Group (RSEG)
WATSAN Action Committee
Community
Water Point Management Committee
Sub Community
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Dimensions of Scaling Up

• Horizontal Expansion within the working area
• Involve all stakeholders with Local Government in
  the leading role.
• Advocacy and training for involving other local
  NGOs, INGOs, CBOs.
• Effective network and actions among the partners
  - frontline to National level

• Vertical Expansion within Bangladesh
• Policy advocacy for the approach to the decision
  makers, INGOs and development partners.

• Regional Expansion
• Sharing on the approach with other countries
  within the region (India,Cambodia, Nepal,
  Indonesia). World Bank and WaterAid played
  important role in this connection.

• Global Expansion
• Global sharing on the approach with stakeholders
  (WaterAids support extended to promote the
  approach through other country offices i.e.
  Ethiopia, Nigeria, Uganda, Mozambique, donors,
  INGOs on a wider scale).

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School based hygiene promotion

• Selection of school/madrasa
• Base information collection
• Involvement of SMC through formal meeting
• TOT for selected Teachers
• Situation analysis through PRA tools
• Formation of Students Brigade
• Action planning
• Hardware support (cost sharing basis)
• New installation
• Repair/renovation of existing facilities

Contd .
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School based hygiene promotion

• Hygiene education session
• - Water and excreta related disease
• - Safe water use
• - Personal hygiene
• - Hygienic latrine use and maintenance
• - Garbage disposal
• - Food hygiene
• Session on menstrual management for teen aged
  girls
• Rally/procession and cleaning action
• Progress monitoring
• Review of progress through the Ward/Union
  Sanitation
• Taskforce

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Hygiene Promotion at Public Places

• Selection of public spots-market, bus stand,
  ferry ghat
• Contact with management committee
• Situation analysis through PRA tools
• Committee formation/reformation
• Drawing an action plan
• Signing of MOU between VERC and the management
  committee

Contd .
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Hygiene Promotion at Public Places

• Extending hygiene education support
• - Water and excreta related disease
• - Safe water use at hotel restaurants
• - Food hygiene
• - Collection and disposal of garbage
• - Maintenance of derange and sewage
• Use and maintenance of public toilet
• Hardware support (cost sharing basis)
• - New installation sanitation block and tub
  well
• - Repairer/renovation
• Participatory progress monitoring
• Review of progress through the Union Sanitation
  Taskforce

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Water Safety Plan (WSP)

• Objectives
• To prevent contamination of water sources
• To treat water to reduce/remove contamination
  within acceptable limit of WQ targets
• To prevent recontamination during collection,
  transportation, storage and handling of drinking
  water

• Interventions
• - Safe distance between WP and pit latrine
• - Safe source, collecting-drinking water
• -Safe transportation, preservation
• -Safe consumption

Contd .
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Water Safety Plan (WSP)

• Hardware inventory
• Caretaker selection
• Caretaker training
• CBO orientation on WSP issue
• LGI orientation on WSP issue
• Collective action ensuring safe distance between
  WP and latrine
• Follow-up monitoring

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Techniques and Methods of Scaling up

• Orientation on the approach at different level
• Exposure visit to intervention areas and sharing
  with community people
• Staff Training for sector organizations
• Full scale training of 42 days package including
  field orientation in seven slots phase by phase
  essentially blended with values of participatory
  approach. These are - Basic PRA, Motivation and
  Facilitation Techniques, WatSan Technology,
  Participatory Hygiene Promotion and PIME

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Target and Achievements
Target

• 68 Unions and 7 Municipalities under 8 Upazilas
  (Sub district) in 6 districts will come under
  total coverage (comprising a population of about
  1.8 million) in next five years (April 2004 -
  March 2009)

Achievement

• 35 Unions, 2 Municipalities including 3 Upazilas
  have achieved 100 latrine coverage
• Among these 21 Unions, 1 Municipality and 2
  Upazilas have won the national award.
• Effective linkage established among GoB
  authorities, LGI and community Institutions
  towards coordinated interventions and
  sustainability

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Challenges ahead

• Subsidy
• NGO driven-ness
• Quick coverage vs. Quality assurance
• Absence of disaster responsive technologies
• Safe water coverage due to declining water table
  and arsenic contamination of water sources
• Waste disposal and recycling system
• Continuity of hygiene practice
• Emerging demand to support in new areas vs.
  limited resources
• Effective coverage in public place and
  institutions
• Continuity of follow-up and regularity in
  meetings of WSTF and USTF

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Phase out strategy

• Capacity building and strengthening of community
  institutions
• Strengthening of Local Government bodies
• Continuity of follow-up support (min. of six
  months)
• Tagging community resources (RSEG, CV, Catalyst,
  GoB frontline workers etc.) to LGI management
• Making public place hygienic systems
  self-supportive

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Lessons Learnt

• Shift from the old mind set
• Demand responsive other than extending absolute
  hardware
• Appropriate, low-cost and locally innovated
  technology
• Subsidy not needed on household sanitation
  coverage
• Economic benefit - Raised income level
• Poverty More man days, savings available
• Children in catalytic role
• Improved sanitation has a status symbol
• Local entrepreneur in the appropriate role
• Womens situation / privacy a factor in the
  promotion process
• Active involvement of Local Government
• Public place hygiene adopted by existing
  committees

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Thank You