Soccer

1
Soccer
2
History

• 1904The Federation International de Football
  Association (FIFA) was formed in Paris on May 21.
  Charter members included France, Belgium,
  Denmark, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and
  Switzerland. The International Board, the
  authority over the rules and their interpretation
  continued under the jurisdiction of England,
  Scotland, Ireland and Wales, even though they
  were not affiliated with FIFA. The Olympic Games
  of 1904 in St. Louis included soccer as an
  official Olympic sport where club teams competed
  under the national team banner. FIFA did not
  become active in Olympic soccer until 1908.

1914The United States Football Association
(USFA) was incorporated under the laws of the
state of New York, May 30, and was granted full
membership in FIFA at the annual congress at
Oslo, Norway, June 24.
1941The National Soccer Coaches Association
America of America (NSCAA) was organized  by 10
coaches attending the annual meeting of the
intercollegiate Soccer Football Association of in
New York.
1982The United States made a formal bid to host
the 1986 FIFA World Cup. The MISL season opened
with 14 teams, including three teams
participating for a season from the NASL (San
Jose, Chicago and San Diego). The National Soccer
Hall of Fame and Museum opened in the Wilber
Mansion, Oneonta, NY.
1999In front of over 90,000 fans at the Rose
Bowl in Pasadena, CA, the United States Women's
National Team won the 1999 Women's World Cup by
playing China to a 0-0 tie through regulation and
overtime and then defeating them 5-4 on
penalties.
2002The United States Men's National Team
advanced to the quarterfinals at the 2002 FIFA
World Cup in Korea/Japan, the team's best World
Cup showing since 1930. The United States shocks
the world with a stunning 3-2 opening game upset
of Portugal before eventually finishing in second
place in Group D.
3
Rules of the game

• Basic soccer rules are pretty simple to follow,
  the team that scores the most goals wins!
• Each team will consist of 11 starting players of
  which there is one goalkeeper and 10 outfield
  players. The game will be played on a soccer
  pitch and the field dimension will normally be
  just over 100 yards long although it could be
  shorter if it is a youth soccer game.
• Soccer teams are normally split into formations
  consisting of defense, goalkeeper and forwards.
  Each team will also nominate a captain although
  this role is not as significant as other sports
  such as cricket and rugby. The captain will start
  the game by tossing a coin with the referee and
  the winning captain has the option of selecting
  which way their team will shoot. This can be an
  advantage if there is a strong wind which could
  change direction by the time the teams reach the
  second half.
• Soccer games consist of two halves lasting 45
  minutes each although injury time is often added
  by the referee to cover any stoppages. If the
  game is a cup tie, a world cup final for example
  then extra time will be played consisting of an
  extra two 15 minute periods. If the teams are
  still level at this stage the game will develop
  into a penalty shoot with each team nominating 5
  penalty kick takers who will try and beat the
  goalkeeper from the penalty spot (12 yards) until
  one team wins.
• During the game the referee has the power to
  caution players and issue yellow and red cards.
  Yellow cards are issued for minor or a serious of
  fouls by the same player which results in a
  booking, however if two yellow cards are issued
  then this equals a red card and the offending
  player is sent off the field.
• A straight red card can be also be issued for
  serious foul play or denying an opponent a goal
  scoring opportunity. Each team has to have a
  minimum of 7 players on the field so if one team
  have more than 5 players sent off then the game
  would be abandoned, this is very rare but has
  happened a few times in violent games!
• One of the most important basic rules of soccer
  is the offside rule which basically prevents
  attacking players from gaining an unfair
  advantage as when a pass is made there has to be
  2 opposition players closer to the goal than the
  attacking player. If the attacking player is
  level with a defender then he is still onside so
  play continues. The referee has two assistants
  (previously known as linesman) on either side of
  the field to help judge the offside rule.

4
Field and Equipment
5
Free kicks

• When one team is penalized, the other usually
  gets a "free kick". There are 2 types of free
  kicks (direct indirect) and a special type of
  Direct Free Kick called a Penalty Kick
• Direct Free Kick - Where a goal may be scored by
  kicking the ball directly into the opponent's
  goal without anyone else touching it (although it
  still counts if someone else does touch it).
• Indirect Free Kick - On which a goal may be
  scored only if another player touches the ball
  before it enters the goal. Question "How do you
  know if a free kick is indirect?" Answer "The
  referee will raise his arm above his head and
  leave it up until the ball is kicked". On an
  indirect kick you should have one player gently
  tap the ball so another player standing behind
  the ball can kick it or pass it to someone who
  shoots it. If on an Indirect Free Kick the ball
  is kicked into the goal without anyone else
  touching it (other than the kicker) the goal does
  not count and the other team is awarded a goal
  kick. However, if the ball is touched by a player
  on either team, including the goalkeeper, before
  it goes into the goal, the goal counts.
• Penalty Kick - When a player commits a foul
  within his own Penalty Box, which would normally
  result in a Direct Free Kick, the other team is
  given a Penalty Kick ("PK"). On Penalty Kicks,
  everyone but the kicker goalkeeper must stay
  out of the Penalty Box until the kicker moves the
  ball.

6
Fouls- Direct kicks

• Direct Kick Fouls
• For which the other team receives a "direct free
  kick" (meaning a goal can be scored by kicking
  the ball straight into the goal) or a "penalty
  kick" ("PK") if the foul occurs within the
  Penalty Box (Note It doesn't matter whether the
  ball was in the Penalty Box or not what matters
  is where the foul was committed). There are 10
  direct kick fouls. The rules say that the referee
  should call a foul for numbers 1 thru 6 if he
  believes they are committed in a manner he
  considers "careless, reckless or using excessive
  force. The fouls are as follows
• 1. kicking or attempting to kick an opponent.
  Accidentally kicking an opponent while tackling
  the ball is not a foul unless it was careless,
  reckless, or there was excessive force. If a
  player slide tackles from the front, it will be
  considered at least "dangerous play" (which is an
  indirect kick foul), or kicking, or tripping, or
  "unsporting behavior", even if the ball is
  contacted, since it would at the least be
  reckless or dangerous. (See "Cards, Red Card,
  Serious Foul Play")
• 2. tripping or attempting to trip an opponent
  (if careless, reckless or using excessive force),
  
• 3. charging into an opponent (the goalkeeper can
  also be called for this if his action is
  careless, reckless or uses excessive force),
• 4. striking or attempting to strike an opponent
  (if careless, reckless or using excessive force),
  
• 5. pushing an opponent, including the goalkeeper
  (if careless, reckless or using excessive force),
  
• 6. jumping at an opponent in a careless or
  reckless manner or using excessive force (this
  includes jumping for a header if an opponent is
  carelessly or recklessly bumped, and jumping at
  the goalkeeper),
• 7. blatant holding or pulling (including holding
  clothing, using any part of the body to hold an
  opponent "Sandwiching"),
• 8. making contact with an opponent before
  touching the ball when tackling an opponent to
  gain possession of the ball (Note it is always a
  foul if the tackler contacts the ball handler
  before touching the ball. However, it can still
  be a direct kick foul if the ball is touched
  first but the tackler was "careless, reckless, or
  used excessive force" and was judged to have
  kicked, tripped, charged or jumped at the ball
  handler. Or, if the Referee believes the tackler
  played in a "dangerous manner", an indirect kick
  can be awarded),
• 9. spitting at an opponent, even if it doesn't
  hit the opponent (this is grounds for a Red
  Card),
• 10. deliberately handling the ball (a "hand ball"
  should not be called if a player is instinctively
  trying to protect himself from injury or if the
  ball hits the hand while it is in a natural
  position near the players side and has not been
  moved toward the ball, this does not apply to
  the goalkeeper inside his own penalty area.

7
Fouls-Indirect kicks

• Indirect Kick Fouls
• For which the other team receives an "indirect
  free kick" (meaning a goal only counts if another
  player touches the ball before it enters the
  goal). The indirect free kick is taken from where
  the offense occurred.
•    Four that apply to all players
• 1. "Dangerous Play" (or playing in a dangerous
  manner) is any action by a player that in the
  judgment of the Referee is dangerous to himself
  or to another player and that isn't a "direct
  kick foul" such as tripping. Examples would be a
  high kick when an opponent is nearby, or if a
  player tries to head a low ball that an opponent
  is trying to kick, then the player who is putting
  himself in danger would be guilty of dangerous
  play. Another example would be any action that
  might endanger the goalkeeper within the Penalty
  Box. If the goalkeeper and an opponent both go
  for a loose ball, the Referee will tend to favor
  the goalkeeper if there is a collision. It isn't
  necessary for someone to be hurt for dangerous
  play to be called. For example, slide tackling
  with spikes high would be dangerous play, even if
  the opponent isn't contacted. However, a
  dangerous act (such as a high kick) isn't
  "dangerous play" unless an opponent is nearby.
• 2. "Impeding the Progress of an Opponent".
  Generally, a player cannot use his body to impede
  another players movements, even if it is not
  deliberate. This can be called if a player is not
  within "playing distance" of the ball (i.e., 3
  feet) and block's an opponent's movement or
  screens an opponent from the ball. However, if a
  player is within playing distance able to play
  the ball (meaning not laying on the ground), the
  player can legally screen an opponent from the
  ball. (You usually see this when a ball is going
  out of bounds the player whose team will get
  the throw-in screens the opponent so the opponent
  can't save the ball). Impeding the progress of an
  opponent used to be called "obstruction". The
  rule also applies to "innocently" impeding the
  goalkeeper by standing in front of him when he
  has the ball.
• 3. Preventing the goalkeeper from releasing the
  ball from his hands. A player who attempts to
  prevent the Goalkeeper from putting the ball into
  play by standing directly in front of the
  Goalkeeper can be called for breaking this rule
  or for "unsporting behavior", in which case both
  a Yellow Card an indirect kick would be
  awarded.
• 4. Any time a yellow or red card is shown a
  direct kick isn't awarded (e.g., for "unsporting
  behavior", "dissent", persistently breaking the
  rules, and offensive or threatening language see
  "Cards" for a list of the many types of
  unsporting behavior).
•   Four indirect kick fouls that only apply to the
  goalkeeper only if committed inside the Penalty
  Box (the goalkeeper is treated like a regular
  field player when he is outside the Penalty Box)
• 1. Taking more than six seconds while controlling
  the ball with his hands before releasing it
  (releasing it can include throwing it, kicking it
  or dropping it to the ground and then kicking or
  dribbling it. Once released, it is "live").
• 2. Touching the ball with hands after it is
  deliberately kicked to the Goalkeeper by a
  teammate. (Note It is okay to pick up an
  accidentally kicked ball or a pass from a
  teammate that isn't "kicked" but is made using
  the head, chest, knee, etc.).
• 3. Touching the ball with hands on a throw-in
  from a teammate (i.e., the goalkeeper can't pick
  up a throw-in from a teammate).
• 4. Intentionally handling the ball again after he
  has released it and it has not touched any other
  player (e.g., dropping the ball, dribbling it and
  then picking it back up). Read b.2 and b.3 above.
  The Goalkeeper can only handle it again after an
  opponent touches or if it is accidentally kicked
  back or if it is headed or chested back by a
  teammate. He can't pick it up if a teammate has
  intentionally kicked or thrown it to him.

8
Player positions

• Basic Soccer Position Terms
• Backs Refers to defenders.
• Defender A player who works mainly in the
  defensive third of the field. They are primarily
  focused on stopping the oppositions attackers
  from scoring.
• Forward A player who is responsible for most of
  a team's scoring. They play in front of the rest
  of their team (or in the attaching third of the
  field) where they can take most of the shots.
• Fullback a rear defender.
• Goalie Abbreviation for Goalkeeper.
• Goalkeeper I bet you know this one. The player
  positioned directly in front of the goal who
  tries to prevent shots from crossing the goal
  line the only player allowed to use their hands
  and arms, though only within the 18-yard penalty
  area.
• Keeper Abbreviation for Goalkeeper.
• Midfielder A player generally positioned in the
  middle third of the field between the forwards
  and defenders. Their job is to link the defense
  and the offense through ball control and passing.
  They play both an attacking role and a defensive
  role.
• Striker Generally the same as a forward, though
  it sometimes refers to a forward that is his
  teams primary scoring threat.
• Sweeper Not always used. In some formations, a
  single defender that plays closest to their own
  goal behind the rest of the defenders a team's
  last line of defense in front of the goalkeeper.

• Advanced Soccer Positions Terms
• Attacking Midfielder The midfielder that plays
  right behind the forwards they support the
  offense by providing passes to forwards to set up
  goals.
• Central Defender A player who guards the area
  directly in front of their own goal, often
  considered the strongest defender.
• Central Forward A team's best-scoring forward
  who plays towards the center of the field.
• Central Midfielder The midfielder most
  responsible for organizing play in the midfield
  area, creating scoring opportunities for the
  attackers, and often a team's leader.
• Defensive Midfielder The player positioned just
  in front of their team's defense and often
  assigned to mark the opposition's best offensive
  player tends to play more defense as a
  midfielder.
• Finisher A forward or striker who has the
  ability to "put away" or score when opportunities
  are given to them.
• Halfback Same as a midfielder.
• Stopper The player that defends or guards the
  best scorer on the attacking team, often the
  opposition's striker.
• Wingers The outside forwards and midfielders
  (often the fastest players and best dribblers)
  who play on the sides of the field. Their primary
  task is to provide them with accurate crossing
  passes so they can shoot at the goal.

9
Formations (systems of play)

• The 4-4-2
• England used the 4-4-2 formation en route to
  securing its first and only World Cup title in
  1966. A forward is moved into the midfield,
  putting a lot more pressure on the two players up
  front to score goals. Saying that, the 4-4-2 is
  one of the preferred formations of today's modern
  game. The theory in using another player in the
  midfield is that it bottles up the opposition in
  the midfield before they can get to the attacking
  third.

• The 4-3-3
• Many North American Soccer League teams used the
  4-3-3 formation in the 1970s, moving one
  midfielder up to the forward position. Everything
  is relative. This formation, which utilized a
  sweeper (free safety), was considered more
  defensive than the 4-2-4. But compared to today's
  more cautious approach, the 4-3-3 would be
  considered an attacking formation in some
  quarters.

10
Formations (systems of play) continued
The 4-2-4 The 4-2-4 formation is the most
offensive-minded in modern times. The 1958 world
champions of Brazil, with 17-year-old Pelé, made
this strategy famous and made it work. To take
advantage of this formation, you must have
talented and skillful midfielders and forwards to
strike early and hold the ball for long periods
of time because the pressure is on the midfield
and defense big time when the opposition
possesses the ball.

• The 3-5-2
• Today's game is won or lost in the midfield,
  which is why the 3-5-2 formation is popular. A
  team that doesn't have its midfield operating at
  peak efficiency suffers in ball possession and
  scoring chances. So, many coaches like to use as
  many as five midfielders, although two outside
  midfielders may have more defensive
  responsibilities than their mates.

11
Passing and Receiving

• The Inside-of- the- foot pass

Receiving A Pass Using Inside-of-Foot

• Have the player face the target "square up" so
  he, ball the target are in a straight line.
• Place the "plant" foot about 4" from the side of
  the ball, pointing toward the target. (The
  direction the plant foot points is important
  because that is the direction the hips will face
  try it). The plant foot can be toward the middle
  or back of the ball, whichever the player
  prefers.
• Head over ball, looking down both knees slightly
  bent.
• Teach the proper motion by first having the
  player place his striking foot flat against the
  back of the ball (about 5" above the ground) and
  pushing the ball toward the target and following
  through toward the target. (A push
  follow-through not a jab. Think of a tennis
  serve. However, jabbing a 1-touch pass is okay).
• Be sure he contacts the ball with his toes pulled
  up (i.e., with the foot parallel to the ground)
  the ankle locked. Make contact with the arch,
  below the anklebone follow through toward the
  target so the ball has top spin.
• Then, have him do the same, except start one step
  back from the ball, so the player, the ball the
  target are in a straight line. This step provides
  power to the pass. If the pass goes into the air
  it means it was struck too low.

• Receive the ball even with the toes of the plant
  foot (or a little in front).
• Stiffen or relax the receiving foot so the ball
  stops about one step away (so you can quickly
  take one step strike it it is this step that
  gives power to the pass).
• Be sure the receiving foot is 4" - 5" off the
  ground (if too low the ball will pop up)
  contact the ball on the back part of foot (under
  the anklebone), not near the toes. Pull the toes
  up so the foot is parallel with the ground (not
  pointing downward). (If a player can't remember
  to raise his foot, have him practice by raising
  his foot higher than the ball then bringing the
  foot down in front of the ball to stop it. This
  will help him to remember).
• If you want the ball to go to the left or right
  (instead of straight in front) you must angle
  your foot contact the ball more in front or
  behind, depending on whether you want it to go
  left or right.

12
Throw-ins

• Secure the ball with both hands, ensure that the
  index fingers and thumbs are as close as possible
  (almost forming a "W" or "U" shape with fingers
  on the ball).  Fingers should be spread to
  maintain control of the ball. 
• Bring the ball over the head behind the ears with
  your arms loose and elbows bent and flared out. 
• Stand with your feet a little more than
  shoulder-width apart with one foot in front of
  the other (start at a standstill first, then add
  1 step, then 2, and so on).  If you prefer, place
  your feet parallel, shoulder-width apart. 
• Face the field. 
• Bring your head, neck, shoulders and trunk back,
  bending at the knees. 
• Thrust the ball forward resulting in your entire
  body going forward.  Parts of both feet must
  remain on the ground at all times, behind or on
  the touchline. 
• Release the ball as it just goes past the head. 

13
Soccer Terms

• Attacker- the player with possession of the
  ballAdvantage-law permitting a referee to
  recognize a fouls but not call it and allow the
  game to continue if he feel it is in the best
  interest of the player who was fouled.Center
  Line-the halfway line drawn across the center of
  the fieldChop or cut-a deliberate change of
  direction with the ball.Challenge-when a
  defender tries to steal the ball from the
  attacker.Chip-when a ball is kicked using a
  stabbing motion which lofts the ball over the
  opponents head..Collecting- the technique of
  receiving a ball from the air or the ground and
  then bring it under control to put the ball back
  into play.Corner Kick- A direct free kick taken
  from the corner. It happen when the ball goes
  across the goal line and was last touched by a
  defender.Cover- A defensive concept to help back
  up a fellow defender putting pressure on the
  ball.Cross-when a ball comes across the field
  from a sideline towards the goal.Direct Free
  Kick- A free kick that can be shot on goal
  without the ball being touched by another
  player.Dribbling- using touches with your feet
  to control the ball.Far Post- the goal post
  furthest from the ball.Feinting- AKA fake. A
  deceptive move to fool an opponentGoal Kick- A
  goal kick is taken by the defending team when the
  ball goes over the goal line and was last touched
  by an offensive player.Goal Line/End Line- The
  boundary line at each end of the field where the
  goals are.Hand Ball- The INTENTIONAL use of the
  hands by a field player. The result is a direct
  free kick.Indirect Free Kick- A free kick that
  cannot score with out first being touched by
  another player.Juggling- the skill of keeping
  the ball in the air your feet and other various
  parts of the body.Marking- the defensive concept
  of guarding another playerOffside-when a
  receiver of a pass is positioned on his opponents
  half of the field with less than two defenders
  between him and the end at the moment the ball is
  passed.One Touch Passing or Shooting- To pass or
  shoot on the first touch of the ball.Over lap-
  when a player runs around and ahead of the ball
  for a pass.Pitch- a soccer field.Pressure-
  refers to a defender putting pressure on his
  opponent with the ballPush Pass- a pass using
  the side of your foot keeping the ball close to
  the ground.Shielding-a technique where the
  player with the ball positions his body between
  the ball and the defender.Striker- a player
  whose primary duties is to work the attacking
  half of the fieldSweeper-a player positioned
  behind the fullback and in front of the goalie.
  He has the freedom to play on either side of the
  field..Tackling- Using your feet to steal the
  ball from an opponentTouchline- The lines at the
  side of the field

14
Soccer Worksheet

• 1. What happened to the game of Soccer in 1999?
• 2. What does F.I.F.A. stand for?
• 3. What happened to the game of Soccer in 1914?
• 4. When was the U.S.Y.S.A. formed and what does
  it stand for?
• 5. What are the dimensions of a Soccer field?
• 6. What happens when the ball travels out over
  the end line?
• 7. What happens when the ball travels out over
  the sideline?
• 8. The penalty area has five rules you must
  follow, what are they?
• 9. When is a kickoff used in the game of soccer?
• 10. What is the difference between a direct kick
  and an indirect kick?
• 11. What are the six fouls that result in a
  direct kick?
• 12. What are the five fouls that result in an
  indirect kick?
• 13. What are the two systems of play for a strong
  offensive set up?
• 14. List the basic player positions used in the
  game of soccer.
• Draw and label a field with the systems of play,
  important lines and correct player positions
• 15. 2-3-5
• 16. 5-3-2
• 17. 3-3-4

15
Work cited

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• http//www.soccersaurus.com/index.asp?PageActionV
  IEWCATSCategory35
• http//www.soccerhelp.com/Soccer_Field_Diagram.sht
  ml
• http//www.soccerhelp.com/Soccer_Tips_Dictionary_T
  erms_F.shtmlfouls
• http//www.dummies.com/WileyCDA/DummiesArticle/id-
  644.html
• http//www.soccerhelp.com/Soccer_Positions_Basics.
  shtml
• http//www.soccer-for-parents.com/soccer-positions
  .html
• http//ezinearticles.com/?Basic-Soccer-Rulesid25
  6493
• http//www.coachingsoccer101.com/glossary.htm
• http//www.sportsknowhow.com/soccer/dimensions/soc
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