1' Describe the phenomenon depicted in the figure below and discuss the driving forces and energetic

1
1. Describe the phenomenon depicted in the figure
below and discuss the driving forces and
energetic barriers. Use text, figures, graphs,
as needed.
2

• 2. Two classes of ionophore antibiotics are
  shown. Describe the purpose and function of
  each of the two types.

3

• Describe the following terms. Use diagrams if
  needed.
• a) Passive Diffusion
• b) Facilitated Diffusion

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4. The signaling pathway for insulin secretion is
shown. Describe the signaling events and the
different elements in the pathway.
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5. What is a signaling pathway and what are its
minimal components? Describe and diagram a
generic signaling model.
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6. The signaling pathway for the ras oncogene is
shown below. Use this example to discuss the
complexity of signaling pathways, regulation of
cellular processes and the consequences of
mutation on pathway components.