POSSIBLE CAUSES IN HUMAN ACTIVE IMMUNISATION FAILURE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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POSSIBLE CAUSES IN HUMAN ACTIVE IMMUNISATION FAILURE

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Title: POSSIBLE CAUSES IN HUMAN ACTIVE IMMUNISATION FAILURE


1
POSSIBLE CAUSES IN HUMAN ACTIVE IMMUNISATION
FAILURE
  • Authors
  • Dr. DANA GABRIELA NEGRU, dr. Preotescu George
  • MD, senior epidemiologist, Arad County Public
    Health Department
  • MD,manager, Chisineu Cris Sfantul Gheorghe
    Hospital

2
INTRODUCTION
  • Active immunisation saved many lives from XIX-th
    century but the infectious diseases emerge or
    re-emerge spectacularly. Our decenal study shows
    the result obtains in Arad County between
    1985-2004 from the active immunisation point of
    view and also observes reasons in failure
    causes. Tuberculosis, measles, tetanous and
    hepatitis A and B viruses are the most important
    infections, in individual or public health.
    Despite a higher rate in vaccination coverage,
    these infections remaines an important problem in
    public health. We saw that BCG vaccination is not
    enough in tuberculosis control also measles
    elimination is a far away goal. Tetanous is
    present equaly in pediatric and in adult cases,
    with a high rates of fatality .Only vaccination
    against hepatitis A and B viruses could be
    considered succesfully.
  • National Programme of Imunisation depends of
    chain cold facility, accesibility to medical
    services, educational items, large vaccination
    coverage and, at last, but not at least, of
    vaccines products, which must have higher
    immunogenicity and less adverse reaction.

3
MATERIAL AND METHODS
  • We analised all infections diseses due to
    Clostridium tetanii (mandatory and exhaustive
    reported),Bacillus Koch, Morbillivirus and
    hepatitis A and B viruses registreted in Arad
    County between 1985-2004.
  • All data were processed in Excel and SPSS 7.5
    for Windows, for obtaining Risk Ratio in
    vaccinated versus nonvaccinated persons/by age.
    Also we use vaccination coverage procent in
    all these years for correlating eficiency of
    vaccination in relation with new cases .

4
Evolution of infection diseases in Arad County
5
Tetanous incidence in Arad County
6
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Exposed to tetanous pacient healthy total od ratio
vaccination within 10 year 15 533 548 2,7
non-vaccination 9 63 72 12,5
cases deceased recovered total deceased ratio
pediatric cases 4 6 10 40
adults cases 9 5 14 64,28
total 13 11 24  
7
Measles evolution in Arad County/cases
8
MEASLES
  • Measles also manifest epidemic out breaks at
    every 7-10 years and SLAM receptors for free
    Morbillivius are not blocked by anti
    morbiliviruses vaccine.

9
Incidence in oo for hepatitis A viruses in Arad
County, comparable for non vaccination period
1987-1995/vaccination period 1996-2004
10
HEPATITIS A and B
  • Only vaccination against hepatitis A and B
    viruses are effective.
  • In Arad County acute hepatitis due to hepatitis A
    virus are endemo-epidemics and endemic at low
    level for hepatitis B virus.
  • Our study reveals evident improvment in
    surveillance of hepatitis A and B viruses since
    these vaccination are available.
  • Risk ratio is lower in targeted vaccination than
    sporadic vaccination/by age.

11
Risk Ratio in sporadic vaccination anti hepatitis
A viruse versus targeted vaccination, in Arad
County
12
Incidence in oo for hepatitis B viruse in Arad
County, comparable for non vaccination period
1987-1995/vaccination period 1996-2004
13
Risk Ratio in vaccination anti hepatitis B
viruse correlated with age, in Arad County
14
CONCLUSIONS
  • Vaccination is an important weapon in
    immunisation but many failures can apears
  • if vaccine are not well preserved in cold
    chaines and active ingredients, which are
    termosensible, and are compromised
  • if vaccination coverage are under 60 for
    eligible population
  • vaccines doesnt protect against wild
    circulating strains or if these strains are
    escape mutants developed under vaccination
    pressing
  • if non-responding population rates are more than
    5.
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