Proprietary Methods

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Proprietary Methods

• Any of a number of patented structures/products
  sold by a licensed vendor for erosion
  control/bank stabilization purposes
• Product testing and performance evaluation has
  usually been performed by independent
  labs/agencies/organizations/ universities/and/or
  the manufacturer.
• Manufacturer will have case histories and
  comprehensive knowledge of their products.
• Design knowledge or PC based computer programs
  are usually available from the manufacturer (some
  on CD).
• Manufacturer wants your project to be successful
  (no failure of product).
• Installation/construction oversight is usually
  available.
• Beware if every project design requires the use
  of the same product.

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Proprietary Methods

• Sloped or Horizontal Configurations
• Fabric-formed concrete
• Interlocking blocks
• Articulating Concrete Mattress (ACM)
• Gabions (both welded and twisted)
• Cellular Confinement Systems
• A-Jacks, Core-Loc
• Turf Reinforcement Mats (TRM) Erosion Control
  Blankets (ECBs)-covered in the bioengineering
  lecture
• Deltalok System to link sandbags
• Vertical, or Near Vertical Configurations
• Vertical formed concrete walls (not proprietary)
• Sheet piling (steel or vinyl)
• Interlocking block retaining walls
• Gabions
• Cellular confinement systems
• Reinforced earth with "hard" toe protection
  (example used A-Jacks)

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FABRIC-FORMED CONCRETE(also called grout mat)
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Euclid Creek, ohio fabric- formed concrete,
constructed 1985, photo taken 2004
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If the foundation subsides, trouble ensues
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Rigid Grout Mats (typically do not adjust well to
foundation changes)
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Saw Mill Run Creek, Pittsburgh District
Fabric formed revetment failure due to Ivan
storm, 9/04, a one year old structure,
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Erosion under a foundation-dependant method
spells trouble
And the news is not good !!
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Interlocking blocks come in all shapes
sizes
some have large interstices to accommodate
plantings
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What type of filter is this? And has it failed?
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INTERLOCKING BLOCKS 18 MONTHS OLD
LAFAYETTE, LA
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Articulating Concrete Mattress (ACM) Systems

• A proprietary method, Articulating Concrete
  Mattresses are systems of concrete elements tied
  together with either UV-stabilized rope or
  stainless steel cables to form a flexible
  mattress that can be connected to other
  mattresses to form modular protection systems.
• Different manufacturers construct elements in
  various shapes, sizes, and thicknesses. Most ACM
  systems have been lab tested, project histories
  documented, and manufacturer's support (including
  design and installation) are readily available.
• Very versatile, can be used for bank protection,
  grade control, channel lining, cart paths, fords,
  boat launches, and as a cover for exposed
  pipelines. Many projects require a geotextile
  filter underlayer. The entire mat system can be
  buried, and/or spaces between elements can be
  vegetated.
• ACM systems can be totally removed and
  reinstalled, an important consideration for
  pipeline repair. Can also be removed
  reconfigured for changing stream conditions
• For grade control applications the downstream
  ends of the mat can be allowed to float" and
  then self-adjust, (hinge) adjusting to local
  scour and/or knickpoint migration.
• Strong anchoring systems and/or deep keys at the
  upstream and upslope boundaries of the mat system
  are required.
• Knowledgeable and experienced designers,
  manufacturers, and installers are critical to
  project success. As with many techniques, the
  devil is in the details

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Used primarily for inland erosion control
projects on shorelines, streams rivers.
Shape locks in plant roots
SUB
MAR
MAR
SUB
Mats are connected with stainless steel cables or
non-metal straps to create a unitized erosion
control system. Additional benefits of this
system are the ability to remove, replace, or
relocate, if required.
SPECIFICATIONS MATTRESS TYPE REVETMENT MATTRESS
DIMENSIONS 8 X 20 X 4½ MATTRESS WEIGHT AIR
6,200 LBS, UNDERWATER 3,600 LBS CONCRETE
DENSITY 145 LBS. PER CU. FT., 4,000 PSI 160
ELEMENTS 5/8 ULTRA VIOLET STABILIZED COPOLYMER
EXTRUDED FIBER ROPE, MINIMUM TENSILE STRENGTH
9,500 POUNDS
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400 feet of extruded copolymer rope unitizes the
160 mat elements to form this mat. Wire rope is
also used in some designs.
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Concrete is poured into the mold and elements are
cast onto the fiber rope. Optional non-abrasive
pads are attached for overlaying pipelines.
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Quite flexible
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No drugs required here !!
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Mats can be transported by truck, barge, boat,
even helicopter.
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On this hilly terrain near Morehead, Kentucky,
vehicular traffic traversing this ROW has caused
erosion, exposing two 30-inch pipelines.
Owingsville Discharge Mile Post 527.38 Lewis
County, KY
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Mechanical spreader frame used for underwater
installations.
SONIC BEACONS
Beacons attached to the mat handling frame are
used to position the mats over the target.
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From www.E-senss.com
From www.E-SenSS.com
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Overlapped banded ACM
Key trench
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Mats are installed and connected prior to soil
cover.
Downstream curve before construction.
Pipelines exposed in the creekbed.
After mat installation, mats on the banks were
backfilled to assist revegetation. Gravel was
placed over the mats in the creekbed.
Designated Louisiana Scenic Stream Big Creek
Crossing Grant Parish, Pollock, LA
LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE
FISHERIES SCENIC RIVER AUTHORITY
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Mats are buried for natural appearance
Dry Gully Crossing, Cypress, Texas
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Before
3 Years After Installation
Before
After Installation
5 Years After Installation
7 Years After Installation
EXCELLENT WILLOW GROWTH THROUGH ACM
Raccoon Creek Vermillion County, Montezuma, IN
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During Installation
After Dewatering Creek
Before Installation
Looking Upstream
1½ Years Later
After Installation
After Installation
3 Months After Installation
Wetland looking good
Reedy Creek _at_ MP 736.55 Jones County, Sharon,
Mississippi
Gas Pipelines - Transco
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4½ Years Later
Wetland plants growing through mat
Reedy Creek _at_ MP 736.55 Jones County, Sharon,
Mississippi
Gas Pipelines - Transco
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Tributary channel to the New River, Phoenix, AZ,
completely lined with ACM. How many degrees of
freedom now? Adjustment to change?
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Looking DS at RDB of trib. to New River, Phoenix,
AZ
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Note connector cable
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Looking US, Hickahalla Creek, MS two exposed
pipelines, cost to HDD (Horizontal Directional
Drill) both pipes 4 million dollars
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After, ACM combined with LPSTP, LFSTP and full
bank paving
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Some types of movement of ACM is not good
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Where did the mat go to???? Flamingo Wash, NV
FLOW
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Block removed by flow
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More the news is not good at Flamingo Wash
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Boat ramp/picnic area, Falgout Canal, Houma, LA
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Rip-Rap is being washed off of the geotextile
filter
ACM is vegetated and stable.
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gabions
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Gabions

• Baskets (usually 3 ft by 3 ft by 9 ft) and
  mattresses (usually 12 inches thick). A new
  innovation in baskets has either a 45 or 60
  degree sloped face!
• Two types of basket construction welded and
  twisted.
• Can be PVC coated to increase durability and
  resist corrosion from acid rain and chemicals.
  New this year is one constructed from stainless
  steel
• 4 to 9 inch rock (measured along "B" axis) is
  typically used to fill baskets (smaller rock can
  be used with some baskets). Soil with a
  geotextile liner, or rock choked with soil seed
  can be used. Small large vegetation has been
  employed both in through gabions.
• Versatile, can be used for bank protection, grade
  control, channel lining, walkways, piers,
  ingress/egress structures, etc.
• Long-term case histories and well-understood
  performance parameters, design and construction
  oversight available from many sources, including
  manufacturers.
• Gabions do not adjust well, solid foundation is
  critical, connections between baskets are
  important. A knowledgeable, experienced
  contractor is a must (critical for success).

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Filling gabion baskets, Ohio River, Evansville,
IN-2003
There are now stainless steel gabions
available, they add about 15 to the total
project cost
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Urban bank protection, Browns Creek, downtown
Grenada, MS Sept 2004
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Another section of Browns Creek, Grenada, MS,
gabions are now backfilled
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Overbank ponding and piping into the stream
Piping exits here
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90 degree key right next to bridge
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Why not tie this key into the existing
bridge protection? Think smooth transitions!
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No Luxury of Space results in vertical
orientation of protection works, Boone
County, AR
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• Stepped vegetated gabions

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Purloined From www. E-senss.com
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Vegetated Gabion Baskets, 3 ft by 3ft by 9 ft
longBranciforte Creek (a John McCullah
project)
Santa cruz, ca
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Purloined From www.E-SenSS.com
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Willow Poles planted completely through 3 ft by 3
ft gabion baskets.
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Adapto-eco-tropism
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Gabions now available with 45 60 degree
sloped front face
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Vegetated sloped-faced gabions
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Brush layering with basket gabions
From maccaferri, Inc
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Brush Layering with Green Gabion Baskets
Montreal
1999
2001
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Green gabion baskets, montreal
2002
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Brush layering with green gabions, note
sloped tops
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Note length of layered material angle to
the horizontal
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Note angle of stream to highway bridge, stout
method is needed for this bend
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From www.E-senss.com
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Looking US from Hauk Rd bridge on Catt. Creek,
Sardinia, NY-Gabions are foundation dependant

• Pix by Derrick

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Split gabions, S. Fork Raccoon River, Iowa
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Stacked gabion baskets, Hoffa Creek, Grenada, MS.
Installed 1998, pix taken 2003
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Pvc coated Gabion damaged by impact from
floating object, Hoffa creek, installed 1998,
pix taken 2003
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Weathered wire missing from gabion, just five
years old, MS
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PVC coating abraded from gabion wire, MS
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Looking DS, Porter Creek, Senatobia, MS.
Gabion baskets displaced by geotechnical
slope failure
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Gabions generally do not adjust well!
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Circa 1925-30, Missouri River
Gabion burrs, whatever those are ???????
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Launching a gabion burr on the Missouri
river, circa 1925-30
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Cellular Confinement Systems

• Originally developed at WES in the 1970's to
  strengthen road foundations built on weak soils.
• Are engineered, polyethylene, expandable,
  honeycomb-type cellular structures designed to
  improve the performance of infill materials
  (typically soil, stone, concrete).
• Typical applications include earth retention,
  load support, slope protection, bank protection,
  low-water fords, grade control, grade/ford
  combos, livestock watering access areas, haul
  road and/or nature path construction, etc. Can
  be vegetated.
• Available in various colors and sizes.
• Versatile, lab tested, project case histories
  available, easy to transport and install, PC
  based design programs and manufacturer's support
  readily available.
• Various anchoring systems available, many
  projects require a geotextile filter
  underlayment.

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Preparing the cellular confinement system grid
for infilling
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Soil infill shown. gravel and concrete can
also be used
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Purloined From www. E-senss.com
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Quick, somebody hand me my ruler!!
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On a flood damage reduction channel, what should
the bend radius over channel width ratio be?
Houston, TX.
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Infill materials, gravel good old concrete
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From Randy Weaver, Weavers Incorporated
Contractors, Tipton, Iowa
Cellular Confinement System grade and bank
protection for an exposed gas pipeline, Thomas
Creek, KS
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Close-up of infill material , Thomas Creek,
KS
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A-Jacks

• Description A proprietary method, A-Jacks are
  concrete structures designed to interlock both
  vertically and horizontally in a geometric
  fashion, resulting in a somewhat flexible
  monolithic structure that is extremely hard to
  displace. Each single unit is cast in two
  pieces. When grouted together, the two sections
  form a 6-pointed structure that rests on 3-points
  and interlocks with adjacent A-Jacks. A-Jacks
  are available in a range of sizes from 2 to 10
  ft. The 2- and 3-ft A-Jacks are employed for
  stream work, larger sizes for energy dissipation
  in oceans.
• Typical stream installation Excavate a toe
  trench at the base of the eroding bank. On small
  streams an upper row of A-Jacks are interlocked
  with two base rows. Typically a filter of either
  Fiberfil (a synthetic) or wood fibers are placed
  under the A-Jacks. Live stakes or rooted stock
  are placed between and behind jacks. When
  installed, the A-Jacks have about 40 open area,
  ideal habitat for small fishes, other aquatic
  organisms, and macro invertebrates.
• Easily transported into tight working areas and
  assembled on-site (each half of the 2-ft sized
  A-Jack weights 39 pounds).

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A-jacks in a small creek, chicago
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A-Jacks toe protection on Brush Creek, KS.
Installed 1997, pix taken Aug 2003.
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A-Jacks moved out from bank, by helical
flow??? From Chris cash-mdc
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A-Jacks moved out from bank, by helical
flow? From Chris cash-mdc, mo.
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A-Jacks moved out from bank, by helical
flow? From Chris cash-mdc, mo.
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Creek Erosion Vegetation
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Deltalok System Components
Deltalok standard unit

• Interlocks the Deltalok GTX bags
• Provides a mechanical connection to polyester
  geogrid for engineered walls.

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Deltalok System Components
Deltalok GTX Bag and Standard Unit
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Deltalok System Components
Deltalok engineered unit
Interlocks the Deltalok GTX bags, and provides a
mechanical connection to HDPE geogrid for
engineered walls.
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How to Build a Deltalok MSE Structure
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How to Build a Deltalok MSE Structure
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How to Build a Deltalok MSE Structure
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Deltalok System Vegetation
Wild Flower Seeds
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Deltalok System Vegetation
Live Staking Between Bags
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Deltalok System Vegetation
Live Staking In Bags
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Deltalok Design Support

• Deltalok provides the tools for a
• Successful design-build project
• Sample design drawings
• Pre-engineered solutions

.
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VERTICAL, OR NEAR- VERTICAL PROPRIETARY
METHODS
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Construction on cirby creek
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Cirby creek
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WEST BOULDIN CREEK, Austin, Tx
Mini case study 1 of 6
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Mini case study 2 of 6
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WEST BOULDIN CREEK, Austin, Tx
Mini case study 3 of 6
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Mini case study 4 of 6
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Mini case study 5 of 6
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WEST BOULDIN CREEK, Austin, Tx
Mini case study 6 of 6
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Hattiesburg, MS
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Judys Branch, IL.
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Judys branch, IL
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Judys branch
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Sheet pile on the Beaverkill river, Roscoe, ny
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A little sheetpile among friends, Houston, TX.
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Chicago, IL. area
Mini case study 1 of 8
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Mini case study 2 of 8
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Mini case study 3 of 8
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Mini case study 4 of 8
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Mini case study 5 of 8
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Mini case study 6 of 8
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Mini case study 7 of 8
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Same site 6 years later
Mini case study 8 of 8
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Cbm GEOBAG WALL WITH BRUSH LAYERING
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CASE STUDY - THE NEXT 48 SLIDES COMBINATION
OF ACM, LPSTP BANK PAVING FOR PIPELINE
PROTECTION
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Hickahala Creek Pipeline Protection Project at
milepost 347.64 Tate County, Senatobia, MS
(Looking across and upstream in this view)
Designed jointly by Submar, Inc River Research
and Design, Inc, Installed, Monitored
by Submar Incorporated 805 Dunn St., Houma,
LA www.R2D-ENG.com www.Submar.com
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Looking Upstream
September 2001
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Looking Upstream
Pipeline exposed 25-ft
September 2002
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Looking Upstream, 50-ft of pipeline exposed
March 2003
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Looking downstream at 50-ft of exposed pipeline,
main stream force ( thalweg of stream) is aimed
underneath exposed pipe. (note another exposed
pipeline downstream.)
March 2003
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Looking US at long straight reach
April 2003
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Looking US and the news is not good
Things are getting worser as my kids would say
April 2003
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Looking US at the entire stream trying to flow
underneath the exposed pipeline, the first bend
downstream of a long straight stretch is hard to
repair, the water does not want to turn!!! This
stream put sediment 1,000 ft in a straight line
out into the farmers field.
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Looking DS at exposed pipelines
8-15-03
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Note pipe support structure, pipeline lifted and
twisted during high flow event and had to be
replaced
8-15-03
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Floodwaters carried sand 1000 feet in a straight
line into farmers field (overbank, picture
looking away from stream). That water sediment
do not want to make the turn.
Hickahala Creek
July 2003 After May flood
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Note US straight stretch
Aerial Photos
Pipe exposed on overbank, large amount of sand
deposited in farmers field
August 2003
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Looking DS, pipe is vulnerable to impact from the
next large floating tree. Bank is a mess (thats
a technical term)
April 2003
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09-05-03 Portable cofferdams used to dewater the
site for pipeline recoating. The green portion
of the pipeline is new, pipe was cut, and new
section installed, (replaced due to pipe twisting
during high flow, cost 350 K).
9-5-03
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9-5-03
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Next I will show the LPSTP key.
Flow attack angle
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Looking US into trib, widening channel to
accommodate LPSTP
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This key trench is a thing of beauty!!
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From key, In trib looking DS toward Hickahalla
Creek, fresh LPSTP 9-17-03
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Looking US into trib
Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe Protection (LPSTP)
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Jumping ahead-10 months later
LOOKING US, JULY 2004
July 2004
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Looking DS toward pipe, LPSTP under construction.
Eight tons of LPSTP per ft were used in the
impact area!!! 9-17-03
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Mat installation 9-17-2003
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Installing Mat, 9-17-2003
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Looking across and upstream
09-22-03
High Water Event During Construction
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09-22-03
High Water Event During Construction
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Bank Paving
Key
LPSTP (5 tons/ft)
09-26-03
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LPSTP bank paving totaled 8 tons/ft on this
bank!
LPSTP toe
Bank Paving
September-26-2003
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09-27-03-Mat over US pipe
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09-30-03 Installation complete, looking US
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Two months after installation, looking US
2 Months after installation
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Floodwaters crested 1-ft below top of levee
11-24-03, Looking US
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Looking US, second major flood since installation
(5 months)
Feb 5, 2004
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Flow left to right, flood of 2/5/2004
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Self-adjusting stone bank protection
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Looking US at impinging flow impact zone. Note
steep angle where LPSTP was undercut launched
(self-adjusted)
April 2006
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Note steep angle where LPSTP was undercut and
launched (self-adjusted)
Original angle of repose
Launched angle of repose
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4 years after construction, very stable, veg
growing well
LOOKING US, JULY 2004
March 2007
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Arresting an active headcut at the downstream
end of the ACM
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Looking US 10 months after project completion,
veg looking good, note mat has arrested a small
headcut
July 2004
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ACM is acting as a hinged grade control
structure
Looking US 1 year later, headcut of similar size
as 2004
LOOKING US, JULY 2004
April 2005
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Another year later, ACM is acting as a hinged
grade control structure (adjusting to bed
lowering due to headcut
LOOKING US, JULY 2004
April 2006
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Submar ACM system has arrested a larger headcut
LOOKING US, JULY 2004
April 2006
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1-year later, larger headcut arrested by Submar
mat
LOOKING US, JULY 2004
March 2007
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Note uneven DS edge of adjusting mat. Pipeline
still well protected.
April 2007
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Approximately 14 ft until headcut gets back to
the pipeline.
Pix by Lloyd Falgout
January 2008
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A more uniform adjustment of the mat to the
headcut, but still approximately 14 ft until the
headcut gets back to the pipeline.
Pix by Derrick
March 18, 2009
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Looking perpendicular to flow at ACM adjusting to
stabilize the headcut.
Pix by Derrick
March 18, 2009
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Before
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2 months after project completion
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3 years 7 months after project completion
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Its a rental!!
Pix by Derrick
March 18, 2009
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Always carry your best friend to the formal!!
Cleophus (as a puppy) Rules!!!
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Questions ?????????????
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