Cells

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Cells
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Cell Theory

• Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms
• All living organisms are composed of one or more
  cells
• Cells arise from existing cells

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Prokaryotic Cells

• Very simple
• Always unicellular
• No membrane-bound nucleus (That means there is
  not a membrane around the DNA)
• No membrane-bound organelles
• Bacteria, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

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Eukaryotic Cells

• Complex Cell Structure
• Membrane-bound nucleus
• Membrane-bound Organelles
• Plants animals

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Animal Cell
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Plant Cell
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Inside the cells are organelles
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Organelles Found In BOTH plant and animal cells
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Nucleus

• Surrounded by a double membrane called the
  nuclear membrane
• Contains DNA
• Controls cell
• functions

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Nucleus
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Nucleus
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Nucleolus

• Located in the nucleus
• Synthesizes
• ribosomes

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Nucleolus
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Nucleolus
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Ribosomes

• Protein Synthesis
• Made of protein and RNA

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Ribosomes
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Ribosomes
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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Membrane where chemical reactions take place.
• Rough ER covered with ribosomes. Site of
  protein synthesis. Located next to the nucleus.
• Smooth ER not covered with ribosomes. Site of
  lipid synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism.

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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Rough ER
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Mitochondria

• Converts stored energy (ATP) into cellular energy
• Has its own DNA

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Mitochondria
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Mitochondria
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Golgi Apparatus

• Stores macromolecules
• until they are needed
• by the cell.

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Golgi Apparatus (AKA Golgi Complex, Golgi Bodies)
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Golgi Apparatus
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Cytoskeleton

• Network of protein fibers
• Helps give the cell structure.
• Involved in transport of organelles around the
  cell

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Cytoskeleton
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Cytoskeleton
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Cell membrane Double layer of phospholipids Contro
ls what enters and leaves the cell
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Cell Membrane

• Also called plasma membrane
• Controls what enters and leaves the cell
• Made of a phospholipid bilayer
• Hydrophilic heads face out
• Hydrophobic tails face in

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Cell membrane
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Organelles Found ONLY In plant cells
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Chloroplast

• Site of photosynthesis

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Chloroplasts
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Cell Wall Gives the cell structure and support
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Central Vacuole

• Often the largest
• structure in a
• plant cell
• Contains water
• and organics
• Helps keep the
• cell rigid

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Central Vacuole
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Organelles Found ONLY In animal cells
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Centrioles

• Involved in
• cell division

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Centrioles
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Lysosomes Contains digestive enzymes.
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