The Ancient

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The Ancient Middle East
Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
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A View of Egypt by Satellite
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The Annual Flooding of the Nile

• Agriculture was central to the rise of kingdoms
  in the Nile Valley. Every time the Nile
  overflowed its banks its nutrient rich silt was
  deposited on its shores.

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The Fertile Nile Valley

• Between 5,000 and 4,000 B.C full time farmers
  established settlements along the Nile. These
  settlements eventually grew into regional states
  known as Upper and Lower Egypt

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Ancient Egyptian History
Periods Time Frame
Nile Culture Begins 3900 B. C. E.
Old Kingdom 2705 2213 B. C. E.
Middle Kingdom 2061 1668 B. C. E.
New Kingdom 1560 1070 B. C. E.
Greek Ptolemaic Era 332 30 B. C. E.
Roman Period 30 B. C. E. 395 C. E.
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Menes Unifier of Upper Lower Egypt
First Dynasty c. 3050 B. C. E. ?

• The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt marked
  the beginning of the 3,000 year civilization of
  Ancient Egypt.

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Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life

• Each time a kingdom ended, Egypt entered a period
  of confusion that lasted until a new dynasty
  restored order.

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Ancient Egyptian Housing
Middle Class Homes
Peasant Homes
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An Egyptian Womans Must-Haves
Mirror
Perfume
Whigs
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Egyptian Social Hierarchy

• Egyptian Kings were called Pharaohs. Originally
  it was the rulers palaces that were known as
  Pharaohs, meaning Great House

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Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs
Tutankhamon1336-1327 B. C. E.
Thutmose III1504-1450 B. C. E.
Ramses II1279-1212 B. C. E.
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Papyrus ? Paper
Papyrus Plant
Hieratic Scroll Piece

• Egyptian writing was known as hieroglyphics. This
  form of writing is based on picture like symbols
  that are carved into stone tablets / monuments or
  placed on papyrus

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Hieroglyphics Alphabet
24 letters 700 phonetic symbols
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Egyptian Math Draftsmenship

1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
What number is this?
2,525
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Egyptian Scribe
A system of writing allowed Egyptians to keep
records of the Kingdoms history, knowledge, and
business matters, i.e. taxes.
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Preparations for the Underworld
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Shabtis The Pharaohs Servants in the
Afterlife
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Egyptian Book of the Dead

• They believed that the afterlife went on forever,
  so they made elaborate preparations for their
  deaths.

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Bent Pyramid of King Sneferu

• Egyptians made huge tombs filled with luxuries
  for their eternal comfort

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Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara

• The step pyramid is made of six stone platforms
  and is the oldest standing building in the world

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Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu
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Giza Pyramid Complex
Built by King Khufu
Largest Pyramid
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The Valley of the Kings

• The construction of monuments drained the Old
  Kingdom financially. In time droughts and weak
  kings led to the decline of this civilization

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Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf
During the Middle Kingdom the rulers planned for
droughts by digging irrigation systems that piped
water from the Nile into storage basins.
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The Hyksos Invasion
The Middle Kingdom was attacked by the Hyksos in
1770 B.C

• They rolled into the Nile River Valley In
  revolutionary two wheeled chariots

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King Tutankhamuns Tomb

• Rulers of The New Kingdom learned from The
  Hyksos. They stole their ideas for horse drawn
  chariots / bronze weapons, and used them to drive
  out the Hyksos.

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King Tutankhamons Death Mask
1336-1327 B. C. E. One of The Best Known
Rulers of Egypt
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Entrance to King Tuts Tomb
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King Tutankhamon
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Treasures From Tuts Tomb