Pesticides

1
Pesticides
Chapter 3 of the Restricted Use Pesticide
Certification Training material.
2
Pesticide - any chemical used to control pest
populations or to prevent or reduce damage.
3
Pesticide Source of 75 to 80 of the money
used to fund the Michigan Groundwater stewardship
program.
4
Pesticide The third major revolution in food
production. (More food produced on less land,
with less labor)

• 1920s- Hybrid Seed.
• 1940s processed fertilizers.
• 1950s Pesticides
• ???

5

• Pesticide
• any chemical used to control pest populations or
  to prevent or reduce damage.
• - Not fertilizer

6
Latin lesson ..cide to kill Pesticide to kill
a pest. Herbicide to kill a herb (plant)
7
Pesticide Label Legal documentation agreed
upon between EPA and manufacture of pesticide
providing for necessary information to applicator.
Name of product Ingredient statement Type
of formulation Net contents
Precautionary statement Signal Word
Directions for use EPA Registration Number
First Aid Child hazard
warning Storage and Disposal
Re-entry Statement
Name address of manufacturer
8
Pesticide Classification
9
Methods of classifying pesticides 1. The group
of pests controlled by the pesticide. 2. How
the pesticide works. 3. The chemical nature of
the pesticide. 4. The pesticide formulation.
10
The group of pests controlled by the
pesticide.

• insecticides - insects,
• herbicides - weeds,
• fungicides - diseases
• miticides - mites,
• nematicides - nematodes,
• avicides - birds

11
Methods of classifying pesticides 1. The group
of pests controlled by the pesticide. 2. How
the pesticide works. 3. The chemical nature of
the pesticide. 4. The pesticide formulation.
12
How the pesticide works.

• Protectants which prevent pest establishment,
• Sterilants which sterilize the pest,
• Broad spectrums which control two or more pests
  of a particular crop,
• Contacts which kill pests simply by contacting
  the pest,
• Systemic which move within the animal or plant to
  kill the pest without harming the host animal or
  plant
• Fumigants which kill the pests by giving off a
  toxic gaseous vapor.

13
Methods of classifying pesticides 1. The group
of pests controlled by the pesticide. 2. How
the pesticide works. 3. The chemical nature of
the pesticide. 4. The pesticide formulation.
14
Inorganic compounds - mineral origin, do not
contain carbon
15
Organic compounds - contain carbon
16
Microbial pesticides - bacteria, viruses, or
fungi Milky Spore or Dipel Bacillus
thuringiensis
17
Naturally Occurring PesticidesPesticide isolated
fromplant, animal, or microbial origin.

• Botanical pesticide
• Dimboa-insecticide produced by corn in early
  growth stages.
• Juglone- herbicide given off by the roots of
  walnut and related tree.

18
Naturally Occurring PesticidesPesticide isolated
fromplant,animal,or microbial origin.
19
Methods of classifying pesticides 1. The group
of pests controlled by the pesticide. 2. How
the pesticide works. 3. The chemical nature of
the pesticide. 4. The pesticide formulation.
20
Pesticide formulation - active
ingredient inert ingredient
Active ingredient - controls the target pest
21
Liquid Formulations 1. Emulsifiable concentrates
(EC or E) 2. High concentrate liquids 3. Low
concentrate liquids (ready to use) 4. Flowables
(F or L) 5. Solutions (S) 6. Water-soluble
concentrates (WS) 7. Aerosols 8.
Microencapsulated pesticides
22
Liquid Formulations 1. Emulsifiable concentrates
(EC)

• A liquid formulation of a pesticide that can be
  mixed with another liquid to form an emulsion
• Usually contain two to six pounds of active
  ingredient per gallon

23
Liquid Formulations 2. High concentrate liquids

• High concentration of the active ingredient,
  often eight or more pounds per gallon.

• Most are designed to be mixed with water and oil.

24
Liquid Formulations 3. Low concentrate liquids
(ready to use)

• solutions prepared to be used as purchased
• contain low amounts of the active ingredient
• most often used for controlling household pests
• Example Round-up RU hand pump bottle

25
Liquid Formulations 4. Flowables (F or L)

• Active ingredient is very finely ground and
  suspended in a liquid
• Fewer phytotoxicity problems with flowables than
  with ECs.
• Mixed with water or liquid fertilizer to form a
  suspension

26
Liquid Formulations 5. Solutions (S)

• active ingredient are completely soluble in water
  organic solvents
• are liquids original state
• Dose not leave residues or clog the spray
  equipment.

27
Liquid Formulations 6. Water-soluble
concentrates (WS)

• soluble in water
• form a true solution
• require no further agitation after they are mixed
• often salt or amine solutions such as 2,4-D
  amine.

28
Liquid Formulations 7. Aerosols

• liquid formulation in a can, under pressure.
• percentage of active ingredient is usually very
  low.
• mainly used in the garden and home.

29
Liquid Formulations 8. Microencapsulated
pesticides

• active ingredient is encased in extremely small
  capsules
• capsules are suspended in a liquid
• formulation diluted with water may be applied by
  conventional sprayers
• pesticide is released gradually over a period of
  time
• Safer to handle and longer lasting then other
  formulations

30
Dry Formulations 1. Dusts (D) 2. Granules
(G) 3. Wettable powders (WP) 4. Soluble Powders
(SP) 5. Water-dispersible granules (WDG)
31
Dry Formulations 1. Dusts (D)

• active ingredient mixed with an inert material
  such as a talc
• Dusts are always used dry and should never be
  mixed with water
• very small particles in dusts make them subject
  to drift
• can be easily inhaled
• Garden or pet dust

32
Dry Formulations 2. Granules (G)

• active ingredient to incorporated into particles
  of clay or other porous materials
• safer to apply than ECs or dusts
• accurate calibration of granular spreaders and
  uniform distribution is often difficult.
• Example - Soil insecticide

33
Dry Formulations 3. Wettable powders (WP)

• Dry powdered pesticide formulations
• Contain wetting and dispersing agents
• Good agitation is needed keep the formulation in
  suspension

34
Dry Formulations 4. Soluble Powders (SP)

• when added to water, dissolve to form true
  solutions
• not very common

35
Dry Formulations 5. Water-dispersible granules
(WDG) or Dry flowable

• concentrated, a high percentage of active
  ingredient
• dustless granules
• form a suspension in water or liquid fertilizer
• require some agitation to maintain a uniform

36
Bait - active ingredient mixed with edible
substance
37
Fumigants - produce vapors (gases) that are toxic
when absorbed or inhaled.
38

• Adjuvants
• wetting agents
• emulsifiers
• spreaders
• stickers
• penetrants

39
Pesticide Certification Requirements

• General Use Pesticide
• -Certification not required for purchase or
  application.

40
Pesticide Certification Requirements

• Restricted Use Pesticide
• - Certification is required for purchase or
  application.
• - Applicator assume greater amount of liability
  for the use.
• - Product potentially more hazardous
• - Product has environmental restrictions
• - Product has leach or run off potential

41

• Pesticide Classification
• Types of pests controlled (insecticide,
  herbicide, etc.)
• How the pesticides work (contact, systemic,
  etc.)
• Pesticide chemistry (organic, inorganic,
  etc.)
• Pesticide formulations (EC, WP, Dust, etc.)