Potential and Opportunities for Green Energy in Romania

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• Potential and Opportunities for Green Energy in
  Romania

Camelia Vasile, MSc Eng
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Contents

• General framework
• Actual Romanian Energy Structure
• Targets
• Potential
• Legislation
• Promotion Mechanisms Financial Support
• Investment Opportunities

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General framework (1)

• EU imports approximately 50 of its energy needs
• This figure is expected to rise to close to 70
  by 2030
• EU is becoming vulnerable economically,
  politically and with regard to the environment

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General framework (2)

• January 2008 - European Commission put forth an
  integrated proposal for Climate Action Energy
  for a Changing World
• Includes a directive that sets an overall binding
  target for the EU of 20 renewable energy by 2020
  to be observed by all Member States
• For Romania the target for share of energy from
  renewable sources in final consumption of energy
  in 2020 - 24

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Actual Romanian Energy Structure
Structure of installed power in E-RES production
capacities in 2007
Structure of electricity production in 2007
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Targets for RES (Energy Strategy of Romania)

• RES targets (electricity produced from RES in
  the gross domestic electricity consumption)

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RES Potential (1)
RES disposal on the Romanian territory
Legend I. Danube Delta (solar) II. Dobrogea
(solar, wind) III. Moldavia (small hydro, wind,
biomass) IV. Carpathian Mountains (biomass and
small hydro) V. Transylvanian Plateau (small
hydro) VI. Western Plain (geothermal) VII.
Subcarpathians (biomass and small hydro) VIII.
Southern Plain (biomass, geothermal, solar)
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RES Potential (2)

• Energy potential of Romanian RES

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Solar energy potential

• Romanian solar radiation map

• More than half of
• Romanias area benefits
• from an annual energy
• flow ranging between
• 1,000 kWh/sqm-year
• and 1,300 kWh/sqm-year
• The use of entire solar
• potential of 60PJ/year could
• cover
• 50 of the domestic hot water necessary or
• 15 of the heat for current heating

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Wind energy potential

• Wind map of Romania

• High wind potential (over
• 4 m/s)
• the Black Sea coast
• the plateaus of Moldavia and Dobrudja
• the mountain areas
• Wind speeds over 8 m/s
• - mostly on the highest
• peaks of the Carpathian
• Mountains
• Requests to the TSO for
• wind power plants
• installation - 12,000 MW
• in the next two years

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Hydropower potential

• Significant hydroenergy potential, provided by
  the Danube and its affluent rivers
• Technical potential for hydroelectric power
• 36 TWh/year, of which 3.6 TWh/year in small HPPs
• End of 2006
• Installed power in HPPs - 6,346 MW
• Average energy production for an average
  hydrologic year
• - 17,340 GWh/year.
• only 48 of the technical potential is used.

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Biomass potential

• Wood waste biomass distribution map

• Biomass energy potential
• - 318 PJ/year
• Split into the following fuel
• categories
• waste materials from wood processing industries
  and fuel wood, 15.5
• sawdust and other wood waste, 6.4
• agricultural wastes, 63.2
• biogas, 7.7
• municipal wastes, 7.2

Development of the energy potential of biomass
could cover 70 of the Romanian RES target.
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Geothermal energy potential

• Geothermal resources map

• Temperature recorded from the geothermal
  resources in low enthalpy geothermic
  conditions 25C - 60C (deep water)
• Medium temperature 60C up to 125C
  (mezzo-thermal water).
• Only around 136 MWt are used,
• producing hot water with
• temperatures between 55-155C.
• Geothermal potential 7 PJ/an)

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RES Legislation

• Energy Law no 13/2007 - transposes articles from
  the EU Directive 2003/54/CE concerning common
  rules for the internal market in electricity
• GD 443/2003 regarding the promotion of
  electricity production from renewable energy
  sources transposes the EU RES-e Directive
  2001/77/EC provisions
• GD 1844/2005 on promoting the use of bio-fuels
  and other renewable fuels for transport -
  transposes into the national legislation the
  provisions of the Directive 2003/30/EC for
  promoting the use of bio-fuels and other
  renewable fuels for transport
• GD 1892/2004 establishing the promotion system
  for electricity production from RES
• GD 1535/2004 approving the National Strategy for
  Renewable Energy Sources Utilization

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RES Promotion Mechanisms (1)

• Green certificates and mandatory quota system
• Trade of electricity and green
  certificates

• The GC value represents an
• additional income received by the
• producers for the clean energy that
• they deliver into the grid
• Mandatory quotas for the suppliers
• settled until 2012
• 5.26 for 2008,
• 6.78 for 2009 and
• 8.3 for the period 2010 2012
• GCs price
• Min 24 Euro/certificate
• Max 42 Euro/certificate

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RES Promotion Mechanisms (2)

• Penalty system
• Penalties for non fulfilment of the quota
• 2005 2007 150 of the GC maximum value (63
  Euro/GC)
• 2008 2012 200 of the GC maximum value (84
  Euro/GC)
• Collected penalties are used annually for
• buying unsold GCs
• redistribution to the RES electricity producers
  based on the number of GCs traded and the type of
  generation technology

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Financial Support (1)

• Environmental Fund
• Environmental Fund budget environmental taxes
  and fines, taxes for the exploitation of natural
  resources, funds from the state and local
  budgets, donations, etc.
• Project for promoting clean technologies and RES
  energy production (2007 2011) - state subsidy
  scheme financing up to 50 of the total eligible
  costs
• Budget 345 mill Lei (approx. 100 mill. Euro)
• Estimated maximum number of projects 75

Yearly allocation of funds (mill. Lei)
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Financial Support (2)

• State subsidy scheme
• Approved in July 2008
• Covers up to 50 of the total eligible costs
• Budget 200 mill. Euro, of which
• 170 mill. Euro - grants from the European
  Regional Development Fund
• 30 mill. Euro - co-financing from the state
  budget
• Not applicable to projects with total costs
  higher than 50 mill. Euro
• Estimated maximum number of projects 300

Yearly allocation of funds (mill. Lei)
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Investment opportunities (1)

• Planned energy capacities for the period up to
  2015

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Investment opportunities (2)

• Annual global investments in RES have risen
• 2005 - 39 bill.
• 2007 - 148 bill.

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Investment opportunities (3)

• Wind The largest onshore wind farm in Europe
• August 2008 Continental Wind Partners (CWP) LLC
  sold a 1.1 billion wind farm project in
  Romania to CEZ Group
• Capacity 600 MW
• 240 wind turbines
• To be constructed from April 2009 to June
  2010

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Investment opportunities (4)

• Hydro
• Hidroelectrica - in the process of privatization
  of 150 small hydropower plants - SHPP (under 10
  MW) out of a total of 205 of its SHPPs
• Until the beginning of 2009 - 69 SHPPs left to be
  sold

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Investment opportunities (5)

• Biomass
• Energy production in cogeneration plants

• Wood pellets and briquettes production

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• Conclusions
• Romania has a significant potential of renewable
  sources but practically unused
• Romania has adopted the primary legislative
  framework for promoting renewable sources -
  opportunities for RES use have been developed
• Romanian renewable energy market is under
  development, in particular for heat and power
  generation - potential investors have a number of
  options available for doing business and
  developing partnerships

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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Contact

• CAMELIA VASILE, MSc Eng.
• Institute for Studies and Power Engineering
  (ISPE)
• Power Systems Division
• 1-3 Lacul Tei Blvd.
• 020371 Bucuresti
• Romania
• ph. 4021 2061268
• fax. [phone]
• email sispe_at_ispe.ro
• www.ispe.ro