Satellite Data Us in PM Management: A Retrospective Assessment

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Satellite Data Us in PM ManagementA
Retrospective Assessment
MexicanSmoke

• Rudolf B. Husar
• CAPITA, Washington University
• Presented at AWMAs 97th Annual Conference and
  Exhibition
• June 22-27, Indianapolis, IN

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Early Satellite Detection of Manmade Haze, 1976
Low Visibility Hazy Blobs Lyons W.A., Husar
R.B. Mon. Weather Rev. 1976
Regional Haze
SMS GOES June 30 1975
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Co-retrieval of Aerosol and Surface
ReflectanceAnalysis of Daily US SeaWiFS Data
for 2000-2002

• Sean Raffuse, Erin Robinson and Rudolf B. Husar
• CAPITA, Washington University
• Presented at AWMAs 97th Annual Conference and
  Exhibition
• June 22-27, Indianapolis, IN

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Results Seasonal surface reflectance, Eastern US
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SeaWiFS Satellite Platform and Sensors
Designed for Vegetation Detection
Chlorophyll Absorption

• Satellite maps the world daily in 24 polar swaths
• The 8 sensors are in the transmission windows in
  the visible near IR
• Designed for ocean color but also suitable for
  land color detection, particularly of vegetation

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Satellite Aerosol Optical Thickness
ClimatologySeaWiFS Satellite, Summer 2000 - 2003
20 Percentile
60 Percentile
99 Percentile
90 Percentile
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Satellite AOT Time Fraction (0-100)SeaWiFS
Satellite, Summer 2000 - 2003
Dec, Jan Feb
Mar, Apr, May
Sep, Oct, Nov
Jun, Jul, Aug
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SeaWiFS AOT Summer 60 Percentile1 km Resolution
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Technical Challenge Characterization

• PM characterization requires many different
  instruments and analysis tools.
• Each sensor/network covers only a limited
  fraction of the 8-D PM data space.
• Most of the 8D PM pattern is extrapolated from
  sparse measured data.
• Some devices (e.g. single particle electron
  microscopy) measure only a small subset of the
  PM the challenge is extrapolation to larger
  space-time domains.
• Others, like satellites, integrate over height,
  size, composition, shape, and mixture dimensions
  these data need de-convolution of the integral
  measures.

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(No Transcript)
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May 9, 1998 A Really Bad Aerosol Day for N.
America
Asian Smoke
Canada Smoke

• What kind of neighborhood is this anyway?

C. American Smoke
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Near Real Time Public Satellite Data Delivery
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Interactive Virtual Workgroup WebsitesJuly 2002
Quebec Smoke
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Summary

• Satellite data have aided the science of
  Particulate Matter since the 1970s
• Satellite data have supported PM air quality
  management since the 1990s.
• Past satellite data helped the qualitative
  description of PM spatial pattern
• Quantitative satellite data use and fusion with
  surface data is still in infancy
• Satellite data applications will require
  collaboration across disciplines

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Results Seasonal surface reflectance, Western US
April 29, 2000, Day 120
July 18, 2000, Day 200
October 16, 2000, Day 290
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Results Eight month animation
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Apparent Surface Reflectance, R

• The surface reflectance R0 is obscured by
  aerosol scattering and absorption before it
  reaches the sensor
• Aerosol acts as a filter of surface reflectance
  and as a reflector solar radiation

R (R0 (e-t 1) P) e-t
Aerosol as Filter Ta e-t
Aerosol as Reflector Ra (e-t 1) P
Surface reflectance R0

• The apparent reflectance , R, detected by the
  sensor is R (R0 Ra) Ta
• Under cloud-free conditions, the sensor receives
  the reflected radiation from surface and aerosols
• Both surface and aerosol signal varies
  independently in time and space
• Challenge Separate the total received radiation
  into surface and aerosol components

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Information Techology Vision Scenario Smoke
ImpactREASoN Project Application of NASA ESE
Data and Tools to Particulate Air Quality
Management (PPT/PDF)

• Scenario
• Smoke form Mexico causes record PM over the
  Eastern US.
• Goal
• Detect smoke emission and predict PM and ozone
  concentration
• Support air quality management and transportation
  safety
• Impacts
• PM and ozone air quality episodes, AQ standard
  exceedance
• Transportation safety risks due to reduced
  visibility
• Timeline
• Routine satellite monitoring of fire and smoke
• The smoke event triggers intensified sensing and
  analysis
• The event is documented for science and
  management use
• Science/Air Quality Information Needs
• Quantitative real-time fire smoke emission
  monitoring
• PM, ozone forecast (3-5 days) based on smoke
  emissions data

Record Smoke Impact on PM Concentrations
Smoke Event
rhusar_at_me.wustl.edu, stefan_at_me.wustl.edu