Chapter 13 Holt

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Chapter 13 Holt

• The Periodic Table

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Chapter Highlights

• Vocabulary

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• Periodic - having a regular, repeating pattern

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• Periodic Law - a law that states that the
  chemical and physical properties of elements are
  periodic functions of their atomic number

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• Period - a horizontal row of elements on the
  periodic table
• Example Period 2
• Li Be B C N O F Ne

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• Group - a column of elements on the periodic
  table that have some similarity amongst them
• For example Group 18
• He
• Ne
• Ar
• Kr

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• Alkali metals - the elements in the Group 1 of
  the periodic table. They are the most reactive
  metals, and their atoms have 1 electron in their
  outer level
• Li Na K Rb Cs Fr

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• Alkaline-earth metals - the elements in Group 2
  of the periodic table. They are reactive metals
  but less reactive than Group 1 alkali metals.
  Their atoms have 2 electrons in their outer
  level.
• Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra

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• Halogens - the elements in Group 17 of the
  periodic table. They are very reactive
  nonmetals, and their atoms have 7 electrons in
  their outer level.
• F Cl Br I At

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• Noble gases - the un-reactive elements in Group
  18 of the periodic table. Their atoms have 8
  electrons in their outer level (except helium,
  which has 2 electrons, and a full innermost
  level).
• He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

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Chapter Review

• Pages 344-345

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• 1) Elements in the same vertical column in the
  periodic table belong to the same
• Group.

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• 2. Elements in the same horizontal row in the
  periodic table belong to the same period.

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• 3. The most reactive metals are alkali metals

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• 4. Elements that are un-reactive are called noble
  gases

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• 5. An elements that is a very active gas is most
  likely a member of the
• C) halogens

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• 6. The statement that is true is
• B) Alkali metals are Group 1 elements

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• 7. The statement about the periodic table that is
  false is
• C) The elements at the far left of the periodic
  table are nonmetals

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• 8. One property of most nonmetals is that they
  are
• B) poor conductors of electricity

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• 9. A true statement about elements is
• C) each elements has a unique atomic number

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• 10. This is NOT found on the periodic table
• C) the density of each element

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• 11. Why was Mendeleevs periodic table useful?
• Mendeleevs periodic table allowed scientists to
  predict properties of elements that had not been
  found.

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• 12. How is Moseleys basis for arranging the
  elements different from Mendeleevs?
• Moseley arranged elements by increasing atomic
  number.
• Mendeleev arranged elements by atomic mass.

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• 13. How is the periodic table like a calendar?
• Both are periodic. The Periodic table has
  repeating properties of elements the calendar
  has repeating days and months.

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• 14. Describe the location of the metals,
  metalloids,and nonmetals on the periodic table.
• Metals - located left of zig-zig line
• Metaloids - border the zig-zig line
• Nonmetals - right of the zig-zag line.

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• 15 - Concept mapping - on the board

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• 16. An element with 115 protons in its nucleus
  synthesizes, it will be a metal, it will be
  located below the bismuth to the left of the
  zig-zag.

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• 17. Mendeleev could only make predictions about
  elements where there were clear gaps in his
  table. Because no noble gases were known at the
  time, there were no obvious gaps in the table and
  no way he could have know an entire column was
  missing.

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• 18. I would tell my classmates that he didnt
  find sodium. Sodium is very reactive and cannot
  be found uncombined in nature. It would react
  with oxygen and water in the air and form a
  compound.

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• 19. Identity of elements
• A) Calcium - very reactive metal, properties
  similar to magnesium, is in same period as
  bromine.
• B) Carbon - one nonmetal in same group as lead
• C) Potassium - most reactive metal in the group
  and cannot be found uncombined in nature. Each
  atom contains 19 protons.

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• 20. Using chart on page 345.
• A) alkali metals 5.4 (sodium potassium)
• B) alkaline-earth metals 5.6 (magnesium
  calcium)

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• 21. Periodic properties are the order of the
  shapes and the number of lines inside the shapes.
  The properties shared in a group are the shape
  and the color of lines inside the shape.
• Figure between 3/11.

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