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HOMINID CRANIUM COMPARISON (The

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... cranial casts or drawings from contemporary apes (chimpanzees and gorillas) ... 'Hominid' is the new collective term for African apes and humans) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: HOMINID CRANIUM COMPARISON (The


1
HOMINID CRANIUM COMPARISON (The Skulls
Lab)
  • Lab 10

2
Objectives
  • Describe, measure and compare cranial casts or
    drawings from contemporary apes (chimpanzees and
    gorillas), modern humans and fossil hominins
    (erect and bipedal forms evolutionarily separated
    from apes). (Hominid is the new collective term
    for African apes and humans).
  • The purpose of the activity is for you to
    discover what some of the similarities and
    differences are that exist between theses forms,
    and to see the pattern of the gradual
    accumulation of traits over time, leading to
    modern humans.

3
Concepts
  • Documenting similarities and differences between
    species is fundamental to understanding their
    biological and evolutionary relationships.
  • Transitional forms in an evolutionary sequence
    are generally mosaic some traits evolve more
    rapidly than others.
  • Modern humans have not evolved from modern apes
    both have evolved from a common ancestor

4
Objectives
  • Identify the appropriate skeletal and dental
    features and landmarks required for the
    measurements and descriptions.
  • Describe features of a given specimen as either
    similar to, different from or the same as those
    present in another specimen.
  • Recognize the sequence pattern in which several
    human skull features appeared over time.

5
Procedure
  • Humans can be used as evidence to support the
    idea that modern species are evolutionarily
    related to one another and descended from now
    extinct non-modern forms.
  • You should have a copy of the Hominid Cranium
    Comparison Checklist because the details of each
    measurement and observation are spelled out on
    it. Create you own data worksheet for recording
    descriptions and measurements.

6
  • Label the columns on your data worksheets with
    the names of each specimen. Simply number the
    left hand edge of the worksheet 1 through 18 to
    correspond to the 18 items on the checklist (This
    will put all entries for a single checklist item
    on the same line across the page to facilitate
    comparisons).

7
  • Measure and described the specimens. Determine
    and describe the patterns represented by your
    findings.
  • Simply list those features that all of the
    specimens have in common
  • Identify those features which are most useful for
    distinguishing between the specimens
  • Describe the changes that occur in only the
    hominin crania over time

8
  • CHECKLIST HOMINOID CRANIUM COMPARISON
  • PLEASE READ THESE 5 STATEMENTS BEFORE BEGINNING
    THIS ACTIVITY
  • 1.- Work in group of 3-4 students so that
    everyone can be involved in the activity.
  • 2.- BE SURE (!) TO TAKE TURNS doing different
    measurements and observations.
  • 3.- When taking a measurement, use the SLIDING
    CALIPERS (except for 11 12 which may require
    the HINGE calipers) and remember to..
  • 4.- ALWAYS MEASURE IN MILLIMETERS (mm) and round
    off to whole numbers.
  • 5.- PLEASE DO NOT ADD ANY PENCIL OR PEN MARK
    TATTOOS TO THESE CRANIA, OR STICK YOUR FINGERS
    IN THEIR EYE ORBITS OR NOSES!
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