Geology THIRD EDITION by Stanley Chernicoff University of Washington, Seattle Donna L' Whitney Unive

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GEOS 2020 Egypt Civilization and Geology CHAPTER 1
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Civilization Exists at the Consent of Geology
(Will Durant, co-author of Civilization)
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Civilization Exists at the Consent
of Geology and Is Subject to Change Without
Notice
(Will Durant, co-author of Civilization)
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FOUR FEATURES DOMINATE THE LANDSCAPE OF EGYPT
The River Nile
Transportation
Water
Fertile Land
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FOUR FEATURES DOMINATE THE LANDSCAPE OF EGYPT
Rocky Cliffs Building Stone
Permanent Record (tombs)
Technology Transport
Architecture Art
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FOUR FEATURES DOMINATE THE LANDSCAPE OF EGYPT

Rugged Mountains
Source of Rocks, Minerals, Metals
Barriers Against Invading Foreigners
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FOUR FEATURES DOMINATE THE LANDSCAPE OF EGYPT

Immense Deserts
Source of Rocks, Minerals, Metals
Barriers Against Invading Foreigners
Permitted Some Habitation
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MEASUREMENTS Metric Units
Meter - 1 yard or 3 feet Kilometer - ½
Mile 2.5 centimeters (cm) or 25 millimeters (mm)
1 inch
DATES BCE - Before the Common Era BC CE
- Common Era AD
SPELLINGS Various - Arabic, Greek or
English But it all sounds the same
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TheGeologic TimeScale
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TYPES OF ROCKS - The Rock Cycle
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Wegeners Concept of the Supercontinent Pangaea
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CONTINENTAL DRIFT The Tethys Sea
Figure 3-39A
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Plate Tectonics The Major Lithospheric Plates
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PLATE TYPES
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CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES
Continent - Ocean
Ocean - Ocean
Continent - Continent
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Transform Faults Large Strike-Slip Faults
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WEATHERING v.s. EROSION

• Weathering
• process by which rocks and minerals break down at
  or near the Earths surface

Erosion process by which moving water, wind, ice
or just gravity carries away pieces of rock and
deposits them elsewhere Streams, rivers,
glaciers, wind, waves and/or gravity carry
sediment (loose, fragmented surface material
that makes up many sedimentary rocks)
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Today 100 years in New York
TIME
Cleopatras Needle
3500 years in Egypt
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EOLIAN PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS Wind
Patterns Movement of Material by Wind
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EOLIAN PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS Eolian Abrasion
and Erosion Desert Pavement
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EOLIAN PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS Eolian Abrasion
and Erosion Ventifacts
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EOLIAN PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS Eolian Abrasion
and Erosion Yardangs
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PRINCIPLES OF STRAIGRAPHY Principle of
Superposition
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ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN Protium (Hydrogen) 1
Proton, 1 Electron, 0 Neutrons Deuterium 1
Proton, 1 Electron, 1 Neutron Tritium 1
Proton, 1 Electron, 2 Neutrons
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ABSOLUTE AGE DATING Half Life
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FOSSILS Determining Overlap of Fossil Ranges
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EGYPT CIVILIZATION And GEOLOLGY
GEOS 2020
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