A systematic approach for Energy Technology Assessment

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A systematic approach for Energy Technology
Assessment
Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks

• Getachew Assefa and Björn Frostell
• Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

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Introduction

• Development in energy technologies
• From open fires places pre-industrial revolution
  to high techs of our time
• Different options
• Need for choice
• Need for comparison
• Technology assessment

Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks
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Technology assessment (TA)

• Used for the first time in the US with relevance
  to policy issues
• 1972 Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) by
  the US Congress
• Technology as a process of transforming materials
  and energy accompanied by monetary costs and
  benefits
• Full technology assessment
• Ecological, economic and social

Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks
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MFA/SFA, LCA and LCC

• Systems analysis (SA) tools
• Material/Substance Flow Analysis (MFA/SFA) and
  Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) ecological
• Life Cycle Costing (LCC)-economical

Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks
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MFA/SFA

• Based on the concept of anthropogenic metabolism
• at different levels region, country, firm etc.
• three phases MFA/SFA
• goal and system definition
• inventory and modelling
• interpretation

Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks
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LCA

• LCA as a procedure
• goal definition and scoping
• inventory analysis
• impact assessment
• Interpretation
• LCA as a model
• Retrospective LCA accounting
• Prospective LCA change-oriented

Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks
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LCC

• LCC Internal and External costs
• Internal conventional less tangible costs
• Conventional capital operating costs
• Less tangible waste handling
• environmental permitting . . .
• External emissions and resource use/
  environmental and human health effects

Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks
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The ORWARE model

• Combines the concepts and tools of MFA/SFA, LCA
  and LCC
• MATLAB/SIMULINK
• Linked to Excel for result presentation
• Composed of submodels

Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks
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• History and ..
• 1992 - project
• 1993 - ORWARE, biodegradable
• 1996 - biodegr. non biodegr.
• 1998 - Energy from waste
• 2000 - Hydrogen from waste
• 2001 - Tri-generation (El, He Co)
• 2002 -Gasification - Cata. combustion
• Coming up hydrogen from biomass for stationary
  fuel cells

Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks
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Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks
Conceptual model of the total system
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Illustration

• (1)The hydrogen- from-waste study
• with ecological focus
• The technology chains/scenarios
• incineration with internal combustion engine
  vehicle
• anaerobic digestion with biogas vehicle
• anaerobic digestion followed by steam reforming
  with fuel cell vehicle
• thermal gasification with fuel cell vehicle.

Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks
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• Functional units
• MJ of district heating
• MJ of electricity
• km vehicle transport and
• kg of phosphorous and nitrogen
• Compensatory systems
• District heating biomass
• Electricity coal condense
• Vehicle fuel petrol
• Nutrient P and N from mineral fertilisers

Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks
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Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks
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Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks
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• (2)The catalytic-combustion study
• full ecological and economic assessment
• Scenarios/chains of technologies
• gasification with catalytic combustion
• gasification with flame combustion
• incineration
• landfilling

Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks
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• Functional units
• MJ of district heating
• MJ of electricity
• Compensatory systems
• District heating biomass
• Electricity natural gas

Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks
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Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks
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Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks
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Concluding remarks

• POSITIVE FEATURES
• comprehensive and systematic at the same time,
  evenhanded
• locating and determining weak points along chain
  of technologies
• structure - scenario construction
• data handling and data storage
• Result presentation

Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks
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• LIMITATIONS
• non-established technologies
• scale problems between laboratory scale and
  commercial scale
• Data availability, data quality/uncertainty

Introduction Technology Assessment MFA/SFA, LCA
and LCC The ORWARE model Illustration
Concluding Remarks
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• Thank you