Cold War - 1945-1989

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Cold War - 1945-1989neither war nor peace
Definition of the Cold War A worldwide struggle
for power between the United States and the
Soviet Union . . . which led to the creation of
a bipolar world.. . . It never resulted in
direct military conflict between the two
superpowers, but it did lead to competition on
all fronts ideological, diplomatic, economic,
military. . . and cultural. Each nation felt
besieged by the other. The West and the World
Since 1945
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WWII Casualties Total casualties 60
million Soviet Union 20 m. (1/3 soldiers) China
15 m. Japan 2 m. Germany 4 m. Poles 6
m. Great Britain 400,000 U.S. 300,000
European Refugee Population 15 m.
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WORLD WAR II IN EUROPE HUMAN COSTS
30 MILLION EUROPEANS DEAD- - 16- 30
MILLION RUSSIANS - 4.5 MILLION GERMANS - 600,000
FRENCH -400,000 RUMANIANS,ITALIANS,
ENGLISH -POLAND- 15OF POPULATION, MOSTLY
JEWS -15 MILLION CIVILIANS JEWISH
POPULATION-FROM 9.2M TO 3.8 M, WITH ONLY 1 M
LIVING WEST OF RUSSIA 16 M REFUGEES, 11 M
GERMANS DRIVEN FROM E. EUROPE FROM 1945-46.
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WWII IN EUROPE PROPERTY DAMAGE
USSR-1700 CITIES, 70,000 VILLAGES -70 OF
INDUSTRIAL CAPACITY -60 OF TRANSPORTATION GER
MANY-75 HOUSES -90 INDUSTRIAL
CAPACITY EUROPEAN ALLIED DEBT TO US-13
B -GREAT BRITAIN-13.5B -FRANCE-CURRENCY RUINED
BY GER. OCCUPATION -USSR-9 B -GERMANY-DEBT
10X THAT OF 1939, CURRENCY INFLATION
7X CONTRAST WITH UNITED STATES AFTER
WWII -300,000 CASUALTIES -FROM 1939-1946-GNP
ROSE FROM 91-166B -MERCHANT MARINE LARGER THAN
ALL EUROPEAN NATIONS COMBINED
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World War II - Major Consequences

• 1. End of the European Age
• 2. Rise of the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. to
  Superpower Status
• 3. Emergence of the Cold War
• 4. The Nuclear Age
• 5. Rise of Nationalism and Independence
  Movements
• 6. Rise of Social Movements - Women, Youth,
  Human Rights, Ethnic, Religious, and Cultural
  Minorities
• 7. Internationalism - United Nations, IMF,
  World Bank

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COLD WAR I 1945-1963

• Why? (See RGH 79, p. 335)
• deep seated animosities
• What? Most dangerous time of the Cold War NO
  RULES
• Policy of containment counter the influence of
  the other in every way while expanding your
  influence and power.
• Aim?
• to be second to none

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Iron Curtain
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COLD WAR I 1945-1963

• Europe
• An iron curtain has descended upon Europe
• Allies - Free World (Western Europe) vs. Iron
  Curtain (Soviet bloc in Eastern Europe)
• Foreign Aid - Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine vs.
  Soviet aid
• Military Alliances NATO vs. Warsaw Pact, Arms
  Race
• Trade Pacts Common Market (Free world) vs.
  Comecon
• Culture Wars domestic containment, Kitchen
  Table Debates a race for hearts and minds
• Science/Technology race to the moon, arms
  race, creation of the military-industrial
  complex.

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Hot Spots

• Europe
• Germany is divided, Berlin Airlift, 1948,
• Berlin Wall, 1960.
• Hungarian Uprising, 1956

• Asia
• China goes Communist 1949
• Japan, Taiwan our allies
• Korean War 1950-1953
• Vietnam falling dominoes

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Berlin Wall Today
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Brandenburg Gate
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Cuban Missile Crisis 1962

• eyeball to eyeball, they blinked first

http//www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/
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Détente, Coexistence1963-1980

• Rules of engagement developed
• Disarmament, Arms Control Treaties
• Nuclear Test Ban, ABM, START Treaties
• MAD - Deterrence
• Summit Meetings, hotline
• Cultural Exchanges of scientists, artists
• Trade
• Human Rights Helsinki Conference, 1977

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Cold War II 1980-1989

• Cold War heats up
• 1979 1980
• Two key events
• Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
• Election of Ronald Reagan

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Cold War II1980-1989

• Reagans USSR Evil Empire
• Return to an arms race
• Soviet quagmire in Afghanistanvery unpopular
  at home.
• Soviet sponsorship of revolutions in Latin
  America (Nicaragua)
• US covert operations in Latin America and
  Afghanistan

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THE RUSSIANS, STING

• WE SHARE THE SAME BIOLOGY,
• REGARDLESS OF IDEOLOGY.
• BELIEVE ME WHEN I SAY TO YOU,
• I HOPE THE RUSSIANS LOVE THEIR CHILDREN TOO.
• THERE IS NO HISTORICAL PRECEDENT,
• TO PUT THE WORDS IN THE MOUTH OF THE PRESIDENT.
• THERES NO SUCH THING AS A WINNABLE WAR,
• ITS A LIE WE DONT BELIEVE ANYMORE.
• MR. REAGAN SAYS WE WILL PROTECT YOU,
• I DONT SUBSCRIBE TO THIS POINT OF VIEW.
• BELIEVE ME WHEN I SAY TO YOU,
• I HOPE THE RUSSIANS LOVE THEIR CHILDREN TOO.
• TICK, TOCK,
• TICK, TOCK

IN EUROPE AND AMERICA, THERES A GROWING FEELING
OF HYSTERIA. CONDITIONED TO RESPOND TO ALL THE
THREATS, OF THE RHETORICAL SPECIES OF THE
SOVIETS. MR. KRUSHCHEV SAID WE WILL BURY YOU, I
DONT SUBSCRIBE TO THIS POINT OF VIEW. IT WOULD
BE SUCH AN IGNORANT THING TO DO, IF THE RUSSIANS
LOVE THEIR CHILDREN TOO. HOW CAN I SAVE MY
LITTLE BOY FROM OPPENHEIMERS DEADLY TOY. THERE
IS NO A MONOPOLY OF COMMON SENSE, ON EITHER SIDE
OF THE POLITICAL FENCE.
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Societies in the U.S.S.R. and the U.S. may have
resembled one another in some ways--in their
spying, in their pursuit of nuclear superiority,
in their quest for cold way supremacy--but they
also resembled each other in their basic
humanity--a fact that may have prevented the
ultimate tipping of the balance of terror.
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What ends the Cold WarThe Short Century
1914-1989

• 1980s - Collapse of Communism
• 1. Economic deterioration
• 2. Political Dissent - people power, the
  role of Eastern Europe
• 3. Gorbachev-perestroika and glasnost
• 4. Environmental degradation
• 5. External factors - the role of Reagan
  détente?
• 1989 Berlin Wall Falls
• The end of the USSR-1991
• 1. The role of Boris Yeltsin
• 2. Formation of the CIS (Commonwealth of
  Independent States)

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