Ultra-high-speed all-optical networking technologies for next generation networking

1
Ultra-high-speed all-optical networking
technologies for next generation networking
Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme
Networking Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks

• Mikio Yagi, Shiro Ryu (1), and Shoichiro Asano
  (2)
• 1 Information and Communication Labs., Japan
  Telecom Co., Ltd.
• 2 National Institute of Informatics

September 29, 2004
2
Agenda

• Future network features and applications
• Key technologies and issues for realization of
  all-optical network
• Our recent activities
• Field trial 1 Application of all-optical
  regeneration system
• Field trial 2 Application of automatic
  chromatic dispersion compensator
• Conclusion

3
Future network features and applications
4
Network applications for world-wide high-speed
network

• GRID computing
• Genome information analysis
• High energy and nuclear fusion research

• Space and astronomical science
• IT-Based Laboratory (ITBL)
• Storage area network (SAN)

5
What is needed for future network ?
Global GRID computing
Task
Result

• Communication style
• Human to human
• Human to computer
• Computer to computer

6
Current network IP-based Network PRISM
PRISM Progressive Revolutionary Integration on
Service Media
IP based client
Customer router
GSR
DWDM
10G POS ring using MPLS
IP based client
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Future network All-optical network
Any client signal
IP router
Photoniccrossconnect
DWDM
DWDMMeshNetwork
Interwork
Any client signal
GMPLS Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching
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Features of all-optical network
Protocol free
High speed / High capacity
Bit-rate free
Short transmission delay time
Topology free
High security
On demand
These functions are essential for the future
network applications.
9
Key technologies and issues for realization of
the all-optical network
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Key technologies for the future network (1)

• Physical layer
• Control plane
• Others
• Transport layer
• Management
• Service application

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Key technologies for the future network (2)
Physical layer

• Switching technologies on repeater node
• Optical crossconnect (OXC)/Photonic crossconnect
  (PXC)
• High-speed Switching
• Link aggregation
• Optical add/drop multiplexing (OADM)
• Optical queuing
• All-optical signal processing technologies
• All-optical regeneration
• 2R regeneration (regeneration and reshaping)
• 3R regeneration (regeneration, reshaping, and
  retiming)
• Optical wavelength conversion
• Compensation of fiber parameter effect (Chromatic
  dispersion / Polarization-mode dispersion)
• Optical signal quality measurement technology

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Key technologies for the future network (3)
Physical layer

• Switching technologies on repeater node
• Optical cross connect (OXC)/Photonic cross
  connect (PXC)
• High speed Switching
• Link aggregation
• Optical add/drop multiplexing (OADM)
• Optical queuing
• All-optical signal processing technologies
• All-optical regeneration
• 2R regeneration (regeneration and reshaping)
• 3R regeneration (regeneration, reshaping, and
  retiming)
• Optical wavelength conversion
• Compensation of fiber parameter effect (Chromatic
  dispersion / Polarization-mode dispersion)
• Optical signal quality measurement technology

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Whats problem on physical layer ?

• In the future all-optical network
• The route of the path changes dynamically

• Network protection/restoration
• Reconfiguration of peer-to-peer wavelength path
  service

Fiber parameters along the path are changed after
reconfiguration.
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Fiber parameters cause signal degradation
40Gbit/s data signal receiver
40Gbit/s data signal transmitter
Compensation of signal distortion
Y
X
Polarization-mode dispersion (PMD)
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
Chromatic dispersion (CD)
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Compensation technologies on each effect
Y
X
Polarization-mode dispersion (PMD)
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
Chromatic dispersion (CD)

• All-optical signal regeneration
• All-optical 2R regeneration
• All-optical 3R regeneration

PMD compensator
CD compensator
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Key technologies for the future network (4)
Physical layer

• Switching technologies on repeater node
• Optical crossconnect (OXC)/Photonic crossconnect
  (PXC)
• High-speed Switching
• Link aggregation
• Optical add/drop multiplexing (OADM)
• Optical queuing
• All-optical signal processing technologies
• All-optical regeneration
• 2R regeneration (regeneration and reshaping)
• 3R regeneration (regeneration, reshaping, and
  retiming)
• Optical wavelength conversion
• Compensation of fiber parameter effect (Chromatic
  dispersion / Polarization-mode dispersion)
• Optical signal quality measurement technology

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Key technologies for the future network (5)
Control plane

• Generalized MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching)
• Control and signaling mechanisms of MPLS label
  path have been extended in order to apply those
  mechanisms to not only label paths, but also
  SONET/SDH paths, lambda paths and etc.
• MPLS is the set of extensions to OSPF, IS-IS, and
  RSVP to support the routing of paths (aka traffic
  engineering)
• MPlS is a concept that says the MPLS control
  plane can be leveraged to support routing of
  lambda paths
• GMPLS is the realization of the MPlS concept,
  created by extended MPLS to support non-packet
  paths (ls, time-slots, fibers)

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Key technologies for the future network (6)

• Physical layer
• Control plane
• Others
• Transport layer
• Management
• Service application

There are a lot of issues to resolve for
realization of the all-optical network.
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Our recent activities
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Super SINET project
Super SINET is an ultrahigh-speed network
intended to develop and promote Japanese academic
researches by strengthening collaboration among
leading academic research institutes.

• High energy and nuclear fusion
• Space and astronomical science
• Genome information analysis (bio-informatics)
• Supercomputer-interlocking distributed computing
  (GRID)
• Nanotechnology

http//www.sinet.ad.jp/english/super_sinet.html
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Our challenge

• For realization of future ultra-high-speed
  all-optical network
• Physical layer
• Field trials
• Application of all-optical 2R regeneration system
  
• Application of automatic chromatic dispersion
  compensation system
• Control plane
• Service application

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Field trial 1Application of all-optical 2R
regeneration system
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How can all-optical 2R regeneration be realized?

• 2R regeneration
• regeneration and reshaping

Input signal
Noise of level 1
Amplified amplitude
Noise of level 0
Input vs output characteristic of an optical
device that has non-linear effect
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How can all-optical 2R regeneration be realized?
(Cont.)
Optical device

• 2R regeneration
• regeneration and reshaping

Amplified amplitude
Optical device
Input
Output
Noise of level 1
Input signal
Noise of level 0
An electro-absorption modulator (EAM) has the
effect of noise suppression.
Input vs output characteristic of an optical
device that has non-linear effect
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Research background

• The optical signal quality is degraded by the
  loss of the OADM system.
• The OADM system causes the signal quality
  degradation for the through signal at the
  destination.

Optical add/drop multiplexing (OADM)
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Research background (Cont.)

• The optical signal quality is degraded by the
  loss of the OADM system.
• The OADM system causes the signal quality
  degradation for the through signal at the
  destination.

2R regeneration system
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Research background (Cont.)

• This experiment
• 40-Gbit/s 12-channel WDM field trial using an
  installed 320-km-long fiber.
• Applied OADM system with an all-optical 2R
  regeneration system.

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Location and cable for the 2R system field trial
in Tokyo area
Total fiber length 80 km x 4 spans 320 km

• Fiber type SMF

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Our transmission system
40-Gbit/s receiver
40-Gbit/s transmitter
Bit-error rate tester (Performance evaluation)
Repeater
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Performance evaluation Q-factor
on
off
Histogram
m1 - m0
Q
s1 s0
Q20dB BER 810-24 Q17dB BER 110-12
m1 ON level average value s1 ON level noise
standard deviation m0 OFF level average
value s0 OFF level noise standard deviation
Q-factor Transmission quality
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Performance evaluation cases
2R regeneration system
3
2
1

1. Dropped at 160-km by the OADM Dropped at
   160km
2. 320-km transmission without 2R 320km w/o 2R
3. 320-km transmission with 2R 320km with 2R.

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Result of 320-km transmission with OADM / 2R
system
Q-factor 16.9dB
Q-factor 18.8dB
0.8dB improvement
1.9dB degradation
Q-factor 17.7dB
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Discussion

• OADM system with/without 2R regeneration system
• 0.8-dB improvement over 320-km transmission with
  2R
• Nearly the same as the quality of the signal
  dropped at 160-km.

• From a point of view of the system design,
• It is preferable that transmission
  characteristics of the express channel and the
  dropped channel are equal.

We have confirmed that the all-optical 2R system
has the possibility to realize such a condition
in an OADM system.
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Field trial 2Application of automatic chromatic
dispersion compensator
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Influence of chromatic dispersion
40Gbit/s data signal Receiver
40Gbit/s data signal Transmitter
Compensation of signal quality

• When the wavelength path is dynamically
  reconfigured, accumulated physical parameters
  including chromatic dispersion (CD) are changed.
• CD is one of the most important parameters for
  the system over 40 Gbit/s.

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Influence of chromatic dispersion (Cont.)
40Gbit/s data signal receiver
40Gbit/s data signal transmitter
Compensation of signal quality
Tunable chromatic dispersion compensator -
Chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) -
Input
lshort
llong
Output
z
llong Group delay small
Index of reflection
lshort Group delay large
Reflect point of input signal depends on
wavelength. It causes the difference of group
delay.
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Automatic chromatic dispersion compensator
40Gbit/s data signal receiver
40Gbit/s data signal transmitter
Automatic chromatic dispersion compensator
Tunable chromatic dispersion compensator
Input
Output
Signal quality monitoring (Q-factor, Bit-error
rate)
Device controller
Hill-climbing method
38
Performance evaluation

• Rerouting operation
• GMPLS signaling
• Operation of automatic chromatic dispersion
  compensator

39
Sequence of path setup and operation of automatic
chromatic dispersion compensator
1. Service request
Data plane
Automatic chromatic dispersion compensator
l-DEMUX
l-MUX

PXC
PXC
40-Gbit/s receiver
GMPLS Control plane
2. Path setup
1. Path Setup Request
Service plane
4. Service in
1. Service request
GMPLS control plane
2. RSVP - PATH ( Path setup )
3. RSVP - RESV
40
Sequence of path setup and operation of automatic
chromatic dispersion compensator
1. Service request
Data plane
Automatic chromatic dispersion compensator
Automatic chromatic dispersion compensator
l-DEMUX
l-MUX

PXC
PXC
40-Gbit/s receiver
GMPLS Control plane
2. Path setup
1. Path Setup Request
Service plane
4. Service in
1. Service request
GMPLS control plane
2. RSVP - PATH ( Path setup )
3. RSVP - RESV
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Experimental resultVariation of Q-factor in case
of network protection operation

• Network protection operation by switching a line
  between Line1 and Line 2 at second span in every
  10 minute.

Line2
Line2
Line2
Line2
Line1
Line1
Line1
Line1
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Efforts to improve the time for CD compensation-
GMPLS multilayer integration
43
Make the CD compensation operation faster
Quality measurement (Q-factor, BER) takes long
time ( 40 sec).
Tunable chromatic dispersion compensator
Input
Output
Signal quality monitoring (Q-factor, Bit-error
rate)
Device controller
Measurement of CD makes path setup faster
Hill-climbing method
44
Sequence of the multilayer integration
1. Service request
Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver)
Data plane
Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter)
l-DEMUX
Chromatic dispersion compensator
l-MUX

PXC
PXC
40-Gbit/s receiver
PXC
GMPLS Control plane
2. Path setup
1. Path Setup Request
Service plane
1. Service request
GMPLS control plane
2. RSVP - PATH ( Path setup )
3. RSVP - RESV
Measurement plane
Data plane
45
Sequence of the multilayer integration
Data plane
Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver)
Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter)
l-DEMUX
Chromatic dispersion compensator
l-MUX

PXC
PXC
40-Gbit/s receiver
PXC
GMPLS Control plane
1. Path Setup Request
Service plane
1. Service request
GMPLS control plane
2. RSVP - PATH ( Path setup )
3. RSVP - RESV
Measurement plane
4. Data plane setup
5. CD measurement
Data plane
46
Sequence of the multilayer integration
Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver)
Data plane
Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver)
Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter)
CD value
l-DEMUX
Chromatic dispersion compensator
Chromatic dispersion compensator
l-MUX

PXC
PXC
40-Gbit/s receiver
PXC
GMPLS Control plane
1. Path Setup Request
Service plane
1. Service request
8. Service in
GMPLS control plane
2. RSVP - PATH ( Path setup )
3. RSVP - RESV
Measurement plane
4. Data plane setup
5. CD measurement
Data plane
6. Receive the measured CD value
7. Set the value to CD compensator
47
Location and experimental setup of field trial in
Kyusyu area
Data plane
Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver)
Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter)
l-DEMUX
Chromatic dispersion compensator
l-MUX
PXC

PXC
40-Gbit/s receiver
PXC
GMPLS control plane
Yame Station
Kyushu University
Tosu Station
Kyushu University
Fukuoka Station
SC-DCF Slope-compensating dispersion
compensation fiber , PXC Photonic cross-connect
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Error count v.s. time in rerouting operation
Fig.a Error count v.s. time in rerouting
operation.
Fig.b Error count v.s. time in rerouting
operation (details).
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Discussion

• A field trial of GMPLS multilayer integration
  among a GMPLS control plane, a measurement plane,
  and a data plane for ensuring the quality of a
  40-Gbit/s wavelength path is effective for the
  GMPLS all-optical rerouting
• The time for the start of the service after a
  fault was measured to be about 8.4 seconds.

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Conclusion
51
What to do for the future network further ?

• Higher capacity switching
• Routing processing for large scale network
• Higher speed transmission system technologies
  (160 Gbit/s ..)
• Signal quality monitoring method based on
  all-optical processing
• Network security (data plane, control plane)

There are a lot of issues to resolve for
realization of the all-optical network.
52
Future network applications

• GRID computing
• Genome information analysis
• High energy and nuclear fusion research

• Space and astronomical science
• IT-Based Laboratory (ITBL)
• Storage area network (SAN)

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• Thank you for your kind attention !

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Future network application
http//www.intel.com/research/exploratory/heteroge
neous.htm
Heterogeneous Networks
57
GRID world map
58
Network controlled by GMPLS in unification
Comprehensive service management (quality
control, surveillance, control and management)
User
User
Service layer
IP service, IP-VPN, Ethernet service, wavelength
path service
Label switched path(LSP) layer
Label switch router
Label switch router
Wavelength, time-slot, label
Photonics cross connect
Photonics cross connect
SONET/SDH, WDM, PXC
PXC
WDM
WDM
Integrated transport layer
Dynamically reconfigurable transmission line
59
Application Dynamic wavelength service
On-demanded wavelength path service
GMPLS control plane
NOW! Path Setup
NOW! Path Shutdown
PXC
PXC
PXC
60
Dynamic wavelength service
Scheduled wavelength path service
Schedule a path
GMPLS control plane
1000 Path Setup
1200 Path Shutdown
PXC
Wavelength network
PXC
PXC
61
Dynamic wavelength service Wavelength VPN
Company B
Company C
Company A
Company A
VPN-1
PXC
PXC
PXC
DWDMlink
VPN-2
VPN-3
PXC
Company A
Company C
PXC
PXC
Company B
Company B
62
Dynamic wavelength service Wavelength VPN
(cont.)
63
Experimental setup-2
Measurement cases
64
Result of 320-km transmission with OADM / 2R
system
Q-factor 18.8dB
Q-factor 16.8dB
Q-factor 17.7dB
65
Field trial setup for the CD compensator in Tokyo
area
1ch
2ch
MUX
First span fiber
( 80km )
Post amplifier SC-DCF
24 ch
40-Gbit/s x 24-channel WDM transmitter
Second span fiber
Third span fiber
Line1
SMF 80km
SMF 80km
PXC
PXC
In-line amplifier SC-DCF
Pre-amplifier SC-DCF
Line2
In-line amplifier SC-DCF
SMF90km
Automatic chromatic dispersion compensator
DEMUX
GMPLS control plane
Signal quality measurement
(-200 200ps/nm)
SC-DCF slope-compensating dispersion
compensation fiber
66
Control plane operation for network protection

• The protection function is based on GMPLS
  protocol.
• RSVP-TE (Resource reservation protocol-traffic
  engineering) messages are used.

PXC1
PXC2
(path initiator)
Set up TE-Link
Signal power down
Line1
Line2
Message flow
67
Protection performance by control plane operation
Line1
Output signal
Input signal
Line2

• The protection time includes time for
• Optical power detection,
• The RSVP-TE signaling,
• Optical switch stabilization.

Protection time 1.3 sec
Protection time 1.2 sec
68
Experimental resultsTransmission experiments
without network protection

• Transmission over 240-km-long installed fiber

1550
1540
1545
1560
1555
Optical eye diagram after transmission using Line1
Optical eye diagram after transmission using Line2
69
Experiment

• A fault is generated in every three minute for
  initiating a rerouting operation.
• Signal performance is evaluated by measuring the
  error count.

70
Sequence diagram of multilayer integration in
rerouting operation
GMPLS control plane
Measurement plane
Data plane
Time ms
( CD measurement )
( CD compensator setup)
0
Error detection
Service down
Fault localization
2
RSVP - TEAR
RSVP - PATH
RSVP - RESV
164
Set testing mode
165
Request to setup data plane
4,967
7,789
7,801
71
Sequence diagram of multilayer integration in
rerouting operation
GMPLS control plane
Measurement plane
Data plane
Time ms
( CD measurement )
( CD compensator setup)
0
Error detection
Service down
Fault localization
2
RSVP - TEAR
RSVP - PATH
RSVP - RESV
164
Set testing mode
165
Request to setup data plane
4,967
7,789
7,801
72
Eye diagram