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Cells

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A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. ... Cytoplasm (protoplasm) fluid like material between the cell membrane and the nucleus ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Cells


1
Cells Cornell Notes
2
Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
3
Definition of Cell
  • A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of
    performing life functions.
  • A cell is the basic unit of life.

4
The Cell Theory
  • The cell is the basic unit of structure of all
    living things.
  • All living things are made up of cells.
  • The cell is the basic unit of function of all
    living things.
  • Cells come from pre-existing cells.

5
There are two types of cells
  • Prokaryotic- cells that DO NOT have a nucleus or
    other cell ORGANELLES. They are primitive.
  • Eukaryotic- cells with a NUCLEUS cell
    ORGANELLES. They are more advanced and have more
    parts.
  • Which is more complicated?
  • REMEMBER YOU ARE EUKARYOTIC!

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7
Prokaryotic
  • Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
  • NO nucleus
  • Few internal structures
  • Examples one-celled organisms, bacteria

http//library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_
cells.html
8
Eukaryotic
  • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
  • Have a nucleus
  • Most living organisms. Examples animal, plant,
    fungus

Plant
Animal
http//library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_c
ells.html
9
Cell Parts
  • Organelles

Organelles are specialized structures like
little organs which perform specific functions
(jobs) inside cells.
10
Typical Animal Cell
apparatus
http//web.jjay.cuny.edu/acarpi/NSC/images/cell.g
if
11
Typical Plant Cell
http//waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
12
Nucleus
  • cellular control center
  • Controls cellular activity
  • contains hereditary material (DNA in chromosomes)

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14
Nuclear membrane
  • surrounds nucleus allowing certain materials to
    enter and leave
  • actually double layered because it turns into the
    endoplasmic reticulum!

15
Nucleolus
  • round organelle in the nucleus
  • usually a pair
  • involved with the synthesis of RNA to make
    ribosomes
  • Synthesize to make

16
RibosomesProtein Factories
  • sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
    These MAKE proteins!
  • may be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the
    endoplasmic reticulum
  • found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
  • ribosomes are made of
  • RNA

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19
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
  • cytoplasmic channels (tunnels) from the cell
    membrane to the nuclear membrane
  • HIGHWAY for cell transport
  • can be SMOOTH or ROUGH

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21
Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Rough ER Smooth ER
  • Covered with 1. No ribosomes ribosomes
  • Ribosomes make 2. No proteins made proteins
  • Proteins modified 3. Detoxifies lipids,
    for export out of cell
    makes lipids

22
Golgi apparatus (complex)
  • usually located near the nucleus
  • synthesizes, packages, and secretes cellular
    products (secrete export, leave cell)
  • Packages waste harmful materials for export out
    of the cell

23
Cytoplasm (protoplasm)
  • fluid like material between the cell membrane and
    the nucleus
  • over 80 water
  • HOLDS cell organelles in place
  • site of most organelles and cellular chemical
    reactions

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25
Vacuole
  • membrane bound cytoplasmic
  • spaces containing materials for storage
  • vacuoles are usually very large in many plant
    cells contain water solutions
  • also in unicellular organisms
  • Two Types
  • Food vacuole--store and digest ingested food
  • Contractile vacuole-pumps excess water from cells
    maintaining homeostasis

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27
Lysosome
  • membrane bound pouch containing digestive enzymes
  • digest bacteria and some foods entering the cell
  • breaks down complex molecules into simpler
    molecules
  • breakdown worn out cell organelles

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29
Mitochondrionplural mitochondria
  • "Powerhouse of the cell"
  • carries out cellular respiration to make ATP
    energy for the cell
  • may contain DNA--is self duplicating-- divides
    when the cell divides
  • Which type of cell, heart muscle or bone cell,
    has more mitochondria? Why?

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31
Chloroplast
  • Usually found in plant cells
  • Contains green chlorophyll
  • Where photosynthesis takes place
  • Makes ENERGY!

http//library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.htm
l
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