Defense Against Infectious Disease

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Defense Against Infectious Disease

• 39.2

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Innate immunity

• Bodys earliest line of defense against any and
  all pathogens includes
• Skin and body secretions
• Inflammations of body tissues
• Phagocytosis of pathogens

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Skin and body secretions

• Your skin is? Dead
• Mucus-prevents drying out,traps and removes
  bacteria
• Oil-
• Sweat, lysozyme
• Tears
• Saliva

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Inflammation of body tissues

• If pathogen gets breaks through
• Inflammation- 4 symptoms
• Redness- caused by histamine released from mast
  cells and white blood cells
• Swelling- from fluid that leaks from the vessels
• Pain
• Heat

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Phagocytosis of pathogens

• Phagocytes-White blood cells that destroy
  pathogens by surrounding and engulfing them
• First lineMacrophages-White blood cells that
  are the bodies first defense have lysosomal
  enzymes
• Second lineNeutrophil-
• Third line Monocytes (baby macrophages) small
  immature travelers of the bloodstream so they can
  fit through thebloodcell walls and TRANSFORM
  into?
• Eat bad guys as well as dead Neutrophils by
  Phagocytosis.
• Once the danger is over some Monocytes stay on
  and turn into tissue Macrophages
• The battlefield pus
• interferon

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Acquired Immunity

• Acquired immunity
• When certain white blood cells learn to recognize
  a specific pathogen
• You are recognized as self foreign substances
  as nonself Antigens
• Antigens are proteins on the surface of bacteria
  pollen,,any foreign substances that stimulates
  an immune response
• Acquired immune response occurs when the immune
  system recognizes an antigun and responds to it
  by producing antibodies against it

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Acquired immune response occures when

• Immune system recognizes an antigen and responds
  by- producing antibodies
• Antigens are foreign substances that stimulate an
  immune response
• Antibodies are proteins in/on the(white) blood
  that are specific to each antigen
• All done by what system? Lymphatic System

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Lymphatic system

• Made of tissue fluid
• Lymph is tissue fluid in the lymph nodes
• SMALL MASS OF TISSUE THAT CONTAINS LYMPHOCYTES
  AND FILTERS PATHOGENS FROM THE LYMPH
• Lymphocytewhite blood cell defender
• Large lymph nodes tonsils, spleen(doesnot
  filter)

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Antibody immunity

• Two types of lymphocytes are produced in the bone
  marrow
• 1 t cells
• Helper T (binds with B cells and releases
  chemicals to make the b cell produce plasma cells
  at a rate of 2000 a second!)
• Killer T can bind to the pathogen or phagocyte
  and destroy directly
• 2. B cells (when combined with t cells make
  plasma cells ) page 1037

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Cellular immunity

• Passive and active (read about it)