The Living Environment Review By Peter Borea

1
The Living Environment ReviewBy Peter Borea

• Chapter 1 Similarities and Differences Among
  Living Things

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Life

• All living things share these characteristics
• They are organized by cells
• Use energy to survive, grow and develop
• Maintain internal stability(homeostasis)
• Pass hereditary information through reproduction

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Similarities Among Living Things

• Although life is incredibly diverse, there are
  certain similarities that exist
• Life processes- cellular respiration, synthesis,
  growth, excretion and transport
• Chemical compounds- all living things are made of
  Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen

4
Cells The Basic Units of Structure and Function
in All Living Things

• All living things are made of cells and most
  cells contain organelles that serve particular
  functions
• Vacuoles- storage, can contain water, wastes,
  food
• Ribosomes- tiny structures that create protein

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Cells Continued

• Nucleus- control center of the cell, controls
  metabolism, stores genetic information
• Mitochondria- releases energy and contains
  enzymes
• Chloroplasts- found only in plant cells, captures
  light energy

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Cell Membrane

• Structure- made of lipids(fats) and proteins
• Functions- separates internal structure of the
  cell from the external environment
• Regulates the transportation of materials such
  water, oxygen, nutrients, and wastes both in and
  out of the cell
• Recognizes and responds to chemical signals

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Cell Membrane Continued

• Key Terms- diffusion movement from high to low
  concentration
• Active transport- transportation of molecules
  from low to high concentration
• Receptor molecules- protein molecules in the cell
  membrane that receive chemical messages.

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Multi-Cellular Organisms

• This type of organism can be very complex, one
  example is human beings
• Human Body Systems
• Digestive- physically and chemically breaking
  down food to provide energy for your body
• Respiratory- the use of oxygen to break down food
  molecules to release energy. Oxygen is taken in
  and transferred to the blood.

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Multi-Cellular Organisms Continued

• Circulatory- the transportation of materials
  within the cell and throughout the body.
• Excretory- the removal of all the waste produced
  by the cells.
• Movement- the interaction of muscles and bones.
  Bones support, muscles allow movement

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Multi-Cellular Organisms Continued

• Immune System- increases bodies ability to resist
  diseases
• Reproductive-produces new organisms of the same
  kind. Releases sex cells and hormones