Peanut production methods in Northern Ghana and some disease perspectives

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Peanut production methods in Northern Ghana and
some disease perspectives
 
F.K. TSIGBEY, IFAS. Department of Plant
Pathology, University of Florida. NFREC. R. L.
Brandenburg, Dept. of Entomology, North Carolina
State University and V. A. Clottey, Savanna
Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. BOX
52Nyankpala-Tamale, Ghana
 

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• The Northern Region of Ghana covers 70,380 km2 of
  land, corresponding to 29.5 of the total
  countrys area
• The region is located in the Guinea Savannah
  agro-ecological zone. The rainy season is
  monomodal, starting in April/May and ending in
  September/October, with an annual rainfall
  varying between 900 and 1100 mm.

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GHANA IN AFRICA
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REGIONAL MAP OF GHANA      

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Soil types and properties

• The soils in the region have pH values of 4.5 -
  6.7, organic matter content of 0.6 - 2.0 , total
  nitrogen ranging from 0.02 to 0.05 , available
  phosphorus varying from 2.5 to 10.0 mg P/kg of
  soil and the value of available calcium ranging
  from 45 to 90 mg/kg of soil

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Peanut production zones in Ghana
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Peanut production methods

• Both commercial and subsistence venture
• Acreage cultivated range between lt an acre to
  more than 15 acres
• Rain dependent cropping system. Never irrigated
• Land preparation by hand, bullock and tractors

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Sowing methods
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Peanut cultivation on mounds
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Peanut Intercrop with cereals
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Plucking of peanut
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HAND SHELLING OF PEANUT
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Drying of peanut in the homestead
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Peanut storage systems
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Storage methods of peanut
CRIB STORAGE
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STORAGE OF PEANUT IN SACKS NO PESTICIDES ARE
APPLIED
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On-farm research with farmers
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Evaluation of local soaps in the control of
groundnut diseases
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Storage of peanut hay
STORAGE OF PEANUT HAY

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The culprits of the devastation
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Impact of peanut diseases
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Extent of leaf defoliation, disease severity and
poor pod formation on farmers fields
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        Above Severity
of groundnut leaf spot diseases (sprayed plants
on the right of each photograph)  
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Diseases and Pests survey The survey covered 139
farms covering 89 towns in the Major diseases
noted in all locations were early and late leaf
spots on groundnut, leaf rust as well as rosette.
Percent leaf defoliation on sampled farms ranged
between 44-90. Minor diseases include
Sclerotium wilt and root rot. Root rot was
recorded in 10 of the locations surveyed with
variable degrees of severity. Groundnut rosette
was recorded in 11 of the farms surveyed with
variable intensities. Farmers noted the
seasonality in the occurrence of rosette as well
as its devastation effect in the event of an
outbreak.
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On-farm yield loss studies  
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On-farm evaluation of soap and fungicide in
groundnut disease management  
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Conclusion Peanut diseases are one of the most
predominant constraints to the production of the
crop in the regions. Losses due to diseases can
be attributed to the high percentage defoliation
due to leaf diseases, which thus affect pod
filling and subsequent grain yield. The high
defoliation percentage affect the hay quality of
vine that are fed to animals after pod harvesting
since the harvested hay is only fibrous stalk.
 
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Conclusion contd.

• Preliminary results of hay analyses established
  that, peanut hay produced from non-spray plots
  are low in crude protein and had high fiber
  content as opposed to hay produced from fungicide
  treated plots that had high crude protein with
  low fiber content.
• Research works at SARI have demonstrated that
  these diseases can be controlled in an integrated
  manner using local soap and fungicides.
• Sustainable and economic disease control can be
  achieved through extensive on-farm technology
  transfer methodologies.

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I AM GRATEFUL
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GROUNDNUT RESEARCH PLOTS AT SARI