Future ambitious plan of radio detections of highest energy cosmic rays

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Future ambitious plan of radio detections of
highest energy cosmic rays

• H. Sagawa
• Institute for Cosmic Ray Research,
• University of Tokyo
• _at_ Brookhaven National Laboratory
• On April 10, 2008

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• We have to prepare or think about the future
  project although we have just started data taking
  of Telescope Array!

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Large observatory of cosmic rays with hybrid of a
surface detector array and fluorescence telescopes
103km2
Auger (Southern hemisphere) 3000km2(30times
the size of AGASA)
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Mission of the observatories of the highest
energy cosmic rays

• Energy spectrum
• Anisotropy point sources
• Correlation with AGNs?
• Chemical composition
• ?Astrophysics by using highest energy cosmic rays

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Extension of observatory of highest energy cosmic
rays

• Search for point sources
• Number of cosmic rays of Egt1020eV for five years
• 1 TA (103km2) 50 events 2x107
  dollars
• 10 TA (104km2) 500 events 2x108
  dollars
• 100 TA (105km2) 5,000 events 2x109
  dollars
• ( by AGASA
  energy scale )

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Future project of radio detection of ultra-high
energy cosmic rays
Merit of radio detection Basically 24h duty
cycle, cheap, extensible Proposal 100 times the
size of the current TA
(105km2)
RD of radio detection of cosmic rays using the
TA site Obtain the information from the
observation by TA energy, arrival direction,
Xmax Reconstruction of cosmic rays by radio
detection Comparison with data byTA
--gt energy resolution, angular resolution,
Xmax resolution trigger
efficiency
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Radio that is emitted by air shower

• Askaryan effect
• Cherenkov effect in the medium such as ice and
  rock salt
• RD for the experiment in the Antarctic
• This effect was measured.
• D.Saltzberg et al., PRL 86 (2001) 2802
• Other radios are dominant in the air
• Radio intensity is proportional to energy squared
  of primary cosmic rays
• Promising for very high energy cosmic rays
• FORTE, RICE, SALSA, GLUE, .

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Our research items

• Geosynchrotron radiation from electrons that wind
  geomagnetic field (20-100MHz)
• More dominant than Askaryan effect in air
• Recently simulation is being developed.
• LOPES in KASCADE-Grande
• Radio from bremsstrahlung of electrons from air
  showers
• Microwave Molecular Bremsstralung Radiation (MBR)
• Detection of cosmic rays by radar

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Prototype of LOFAR (prototype of SKA)
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Our research items

• Geosynchrotron radiation from electrons that wind
  geomagnetic field (20-100MHz)
• More dominant than Askaryan effect in air
• Recently simulation is being developed.
• LOPES in KASCADE-Grande
• Radio from bremsstrahlung of electrons from air
  showers
• Microwave Molecular Bremsstralung Radiation (MBR)
• Detection of cosmic rays by radar

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Bremsstrahlung from quasi-thermal electrons from
extensive air shower by atmospheric molecules
AMBER antenna
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Our research items

• Geosynchrotron radiation from electrons that wind
  geomagnetic field (20-100MHz)
• More dominant than Askaryan effect in air
• Recently simulation is being developed.
• LOPES in KASCADE-Grande
• Radio from bremsstrahlung of electrons from air
  showers
• Microwave Molecular Bremsstralung Radiation (MBR)
• Detection of cosmic rays by radar

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RADAR????????
Transmitter
Receivers
A hit comes from observation of meteors
by radar --gt Plan of detectionn of air shower
echo by using MU radar of Kyoto University in
Japan
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MARIACHI Mixed Apparatus for Radar
Investigation of Atmospheric Cosmic-Ray of Heavy
Ionization
By Helio Takai et al.
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Current organization in Japan
Researcher of cosmic plasma
The experts of meteor detection by radar

MU radar observatory
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MU radar
475 sets of 2-element Yagi antennas phased-array
system, 46.5MHz, Transmitter peak power 1MW
(MU radar of Kyoto Univ.) 46.500MHz
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Possible CR echo?
26 Jan 2008
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Curren organization in Japan
The Experts of lightning discharge detection

Theoretical calculations of radio emission
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Lightning discharge visualized with wide-band
digital interferometer
3-D reconstruction of lightning discharge by
Kawasaki (Osaka Univ.)
Principle of 3-D reconstruction

3-D position of lightning discharge
Estimation of direction
Estimation of direction
Lightning growth speed 1.23.0105m/s
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Plan in 2008

• Radar method
• Test observation of cosmic-ray echo by using MU
  radar, take data, improve detection method
• Development of production of the receivers if we
  get grant --gt test with MU radar
• Check of TV radio wave and nosie level at TA site
• Method of detection of radiation ( geosynchrotron
  radiation, bremsstrahlung )
• Development and production of receivers if we get
  grant
• Performance test of the receivers together with
  scintillators in Japan

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• Helio Takai is also thinking to check on radio
  detection using air shower by electron LINAC !

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Summary (characteristics of this research and the
organization)

• Organization TA group various experts of
  methods analogeous to radio detections of cosmic
  rays theorists of radiation calculation
• Meteor detection by radar --gt observation of
  cosmic rays
• Lightning discharge observation --gt observation
  of geosynchrotron radiation, bremsstrahlung of
  electrons from extensive air showers
• Research of various detection methods by one
  group
• The methods can be complementary.
• Evaluate energy resolution, angular resolution,
  Xmax resolution, trigger efficiency of radio
  detection by comparing with data from TA